gstreamer常用的指令汇总

Gstreamer中一些gst-launch常用命令
用Linux系统中使用gstreamer架构做对媒体开发时，gst-inspect和gst-launch是两个非常使用的小工具，gst-inspect 在开发时用于查询库各个插件element的详细信息，后者用于在终端快速构建一条pipeline用于播放多媒体。下面列出我在以前的学习和项目开发时常用的gst-launch播放各种多媒体文件的实例：
一、gstreamer实现视频显示

gst-launch videotestsrc ! xvimagesink

二、gstreamer实现摄像头采集：
1、可以现实图像，但图像卡住不动

gst-launch v4l2src ! xvimagesink

2、摄像头视频显示正常

gst-launch v4l2src !video/x-raw-yuv,format=fourccYUY2,width=640,height=480,framerate=15/1 !videorate ! videoscale ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink
gst-launch v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=15/1 !queue2 ! videorate ! videoscale ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink

三、摄像头视频现实及保存为avi格式文件

gst-launch -e v4l2src !video/x-raw-yuv,format=fourccYUY2,width=640,height=480,framerate=30/1 ! teename=srctee \
srctee. ! queue2 name=squeue ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink \
srctee. ! queue2 name=fqueue ! videorate ! ffmpegcolorspace !ffenc_mpeg4 ! avimux ! filesink location=test.avi

四、将摄像头视频比例设置为16：9

gst-launch v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=15/1 !aspectratiocrop aspect-ratio=16/9 ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink

五、保存摄像头的视频为avi格式

gst-launch -e v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv, format=fourccYUY2,framerate=30/1, width=640, height=480 ! videorate ! ffmpegcolorspace !ffenc_mpeg4 ! avimux ! filesink location=test.avi

六、多个流数据同时录制

gst-launch -e avimux name="muxer" ! filesink location=multi.avi\
v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv, format=fourccYUY2, framerate=25/1,width=640, height=480 ! videorate ! ffmpegcolorspace ! ffenc_mpeg4 ! queue2 !muxer. \
pulsesrc ! audioconvert ! audioresample! lamemp3enc target=1 bitrate=64cbr=true ! queue2 ! muxer.

七、画中画
1、videomixer可以将两个或多个视频流混合到一起：

gst-launch -e videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! videomixer name=mix ! \
ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink videotestsrc !video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640, height=360 ! mix.

2、GstVideoMixerPad能够改变Z轴和图像的位置

gst-launch videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! \
videomixer name=mix sink_1::xpos=20 sink_1::ypos=20sink_1::alpha=0.5 sink_1::zorder=3 sink_2::xpos=100 sink_2::ypos=100sink_2::zorder=2 ! \
ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink videotestsrc pattern=13 !video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! mix. \
videotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640,height=360 ! mix.

3、GstVideoMixerPad可以制定每个sink

gst-launch \
videomixer name=mix sink_1::xpos=20 sink_1::ypos=20sink_1::alpha=0.5 sink_1::zorder=3 sink_2::xpos=100 sink_2::ypos=100 sink_2::zorder=2! \
ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink \
videotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640,height=360 ! mix.sink_0 \
videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! mix.sink_1 \
videotestsrc pattern=13 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1,width=200, height=150 ! mix.sink_2

八、VideoBox可以用来制定视频框的大小和位置和apha混合透明度等
1、不透明

gst-launch -e videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=-100left=-100 ! \
videomixer name=mix ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink videotestsrc !video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640, height=360 ! mix.

2、指定透明度

gst-launch -e videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! \
videobox border-alpha=0 alpha=0.6 top=-20 left=-25 !videomixer name=mix ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink \
videotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640,height=360 ! mix.

3、添加边框

gst-launch -e videotestsrc pattern="snow" ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=10/1, width=200, height=150 ! \
videobox border-alpha=1.0 top=-2 bottom=-2 left=-2 right=-2 !videobox border-alpha=0 alpha=0.6 top=-20 left=-25 ! \
videomixer name=mix ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesinkvideotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1, width=640, height=360 ! mix.

九、VideoWall视频墙

gst-launch -e videomixer name=mix ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink \
videotestsrc pattern=1 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=5/1,width=320, height=180 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=0 left=0 ! mix. \
videotestsrc pattern=15 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=5/1,width=320, height=180 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=0 left=-320 ! mix. \
videotestsrc pattern=13 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=5/1,width=320, height=180 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=-180 left=0 ! mix. \
videotestsrc pattern=0 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=5/1,width=320, height=180 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=-180 left=-320 ! mix. \
videotestsrc pattern=3 ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=5/1,width=640, height=360 ! mix.

十、TextOverlay 在视频上面添加文本，由textoverlay插件实现，可以设置文本的属性

gst-launch videotestsrc !video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=15/1 ! textoverlaytext="Hello" ! ffmpegcolorspace ! ximagesink

十一、TimeOverlay ，由timeoverlay插件实现
1、由timeoverlay插件实现

gst-launch videotestsrc ! timeoverlay ! xvimagesink
gst-launch -v videotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=25/1, width=640,height=360 ! \
timeoverlay halign=left valign=bottom text="Streamtime:" shaded-background=true ! xvimagesink

2、cairotimeoverlay

gst-launch videotestsrc ! cairotimeoverlay ! ffmpegcolorspace ！ xvimagesink

3、clockoverlay时钟

gst-launch videotestsrc ! cairotimeoverlay ! ffmpegcolorspace ！ xvimagesink
gst-launch videotestsrc ! clockoverlay halign=right valign=bottomshaded-background=true time-format="%Y.%m.%D" ! ffmpegcolorspace !ximagesink

十二、录制视频为ogg格式，带时间和日期overlay

gst-launch -e v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv, format=fourccYUY2,framerate=20/1, width=640, height=480 ! \
ffmpegcolorspace ! \
timeoverlay halign=right valign=top ! clockoverlayhalign=left valign=top time-format="%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S" ! \
tee name="splitter" ! queue2 ! xvimagesinksync=false splitter. ! \
queue2 ! videorate ! ffmpegcolorspace ! theoraenc bitrate=256! oggmux ! filesink location=webcam.ogg

十三、视频墙

gst-launch videomixer name=mix sink_1::xpos=20 sink_1::ypos=20sink_1::alpha=1.0 sink_1::zorder=3 sink_2::xpos=40 sink_2::ypos=40sink_2::zorder=2 ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink \
uridecodebinuri=file:///mnt/hgfs/fedshare/source/video/loveStyle.mp4 ! ffmpegcolorspace !videoscale ! mix. \
uridecodebin uri=file:///mnt/hgfs/fedshare/source/video/davincieffect_480p30.mp4! ffmpegcolorspace ! videoscale ! mix. \
videotestsrc ! video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=10/1,width=800, height=540 ! mix.

十四、播放视频文件，带声音

gst-launch uridecodebinuri=file:///mnt/hgfs/fedshare/source/video/loveStyle.mp4 name=decoder \
decoder. ! audioconvert ! autoaudiosink \
decoder. ! ffmpegcolorspace ! xvimagesink