Opencv XML/YAML读写教程翻译

学习目标：
本文档将解决以下问题：
 如何在OpenCV中利用XML和YAML读取和打印文件？
 如何利用XML和YAML对OpenCV内建的数据结构读取和打印？
 如何利用XML和YAML对用户自定义的数据结构打印？
 学习使用OpenCV的相关数据结构，cv::FileStorage,cv::FileNode,cv::FileN

odeIterator。
源文件：
以下源文件可以在OpenCVd的官方网站上下载（其中的注释被改写为中文）。

#include<opencv2/core.hpp>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

static void help(char** av)
{
    cout<<endl
        <<av[0]<<"shows the usage of the OpenCV serialization functionality." <<endl
        <<"Usage:"
        <<av[0]<<"outputfile.yml.gz"                                           <<endl
        <<"The output file may be either XML or YAML(yml/yaml).You can even compress it "
        <<"by specifying this in its extension like xml.gz yaml.gz etc..."
        <<"With FileStorage you can serialize objects in OpenCV by using the << and >> operators"<<endl
        <<"For example: -create a class and have it serialized"         <<endl
        <<"             -use it to read and write matrices."<<endl;
        // 以上是对程序的介绍，说明了可以对XML和YAML或者压缩文件打开，对自定义的类也可以使用，同时"<<"">>"
        // 这两个操作符被重载 
}

class myData
{
pubic:
    MyData():A(0),X(0),id(0)
    {}
    explicit MyData(int):A(97),X(CV_PI),id("mydata1234")
    {}

    void write(FileStorage& fs) const  // 向文件写入函数，将MyData的数据以map的形式写入文件
    {                                   //"{"表示map,"["表示sequence.
        fs<<"{"<<"A"<<A<<"X"<<X<<"id"<<id<<"}";
    }

    void read(const FileNode& node)    // 读文件函数，将文件中特定的数据读入MyData的数据成员中
    {
        A = (int)node["A"];
        X = (double)node["X"];
        id = (string)node["id"];
    }

public：
    int A;
    double X;
    string id;
}; // end MyData

static void write(FileStorage& fs,const std::string& ,const MyData& x)
{
    x.write(fs);
}

static void read(const FileNode& node,MyData& x,const MyData& default_value = MyData())
{
    if(node.empty())
        x = default_value;
    else
        x.read(node);
}

static ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const MyData& m)
{
    out<<"{ id = "<<m.id<<",";
    out<<"X = "<<m.X<<",";
    out<<"A = "<<m.A<<"}";
    return out;
}

int main(int ac,char** av)
{
    if(ac != 2)
    {
        help(av);
        return 1;
    }

    string filename = av[1];
    {
        // write
        Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3,3);
            T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3,1);
        MyData m(1);

        FileStorage fs(filename,FileStorage::WRITE);  // 将fs对象和文件关联起来，即打开一个文件。
        fs<<"iterationNr"<<100;
        fs<<"strings"<<"[";                    // 写一个字符序列，注意"["表示sequence
        fs<<"image1.jpg"<<"Awesomeness"<<"../data/bacoon.jpg";
        fs<<"]";                               // 字符写完毕

        fs<<"Mapping";
        fs<<"R"<<R;
        fs<<"T"<<T;

        fs<<"MyData"<<m;
        fs.reslease();                        // 关闭fs打开的文件
        cout<<"Write done."<<endl;
    }

    {// 读操作
        cout<<endl<<"Reading: "<<endl;
        FileStorage fs;
        fs.open(filename,FileStorage::READ);

        int itNr;
        // fs["iterationNr"]>>itNr;
        itNr = (int)fs["iterationNr"]; // 读取文件中的某一项并赋值给itNr,注意此处强制类型转换，和上面功能相同
        cout<<itNr;
        if(!fs.isOpened())
        {
            cerr<<"Failed to open "<<filename<<endl;
            help(av);
            return 1;
        }

        FileNode n = fs["strings"];    // 读取string 序列
        if(n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)  // 检查n是否是序列对象
        {
            cerr<<"strings is not a sequence! FAIL"<<endl;
            return 1;
        }

        FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(),it_end = n.end(); // 和STL风格类似的迭代器
        for(; it != it_end;it++)
        {
            cout<<(string)*it<<endl;
        }

        n = fs["Mapping"];              // 读取map结构
        cout<<"Two "<<(int)(n["Two"])<<";";
        cout<<"One "<<(int)(n["One"])<<endl<<endl;

        MyData m;
        Mat R,T;
        fs["R"]>>R;
        fs["T"]>>T;
        fs["MyData"]>>m;

        cout<<endl
            <<"R = "<<R<<endl;
        cout<<"T = "<<T<<endl;
        cout<<"MyData = "<<m<<endl<<endl;

        // 展示对不存在的节点的读取特性
        cout<<"Attempt to reand NonExisting(should initialize the data structure with its default)."
        fs["NonExisting"]>>m;
        cout<<endl<<"NonExisting"<<m<<endl;

    }
    cout<<endl
        <<"Tip: Open up "<<filename<<" with a text editor to see the serialized data."

    return 0;
}