DataFrame数据处理笔记(长期更新)

本文案例：

>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2.0, 3], [4, 5.0, 6], [7, 8.0, 9]], columns = ['a', 'b', 'c'])
>>> df['a'] = df['a'].astype(str)
>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a     object
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object

DataFrame的数据类型改变

1、单列数据类型改变

方法一：pd.to_numeric()适用于单列

>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a     object
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object
>>> df['a'] = pd.to_numeric(df['a'])
>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a      int64
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object

方法二：df[列名].astype(数据类型)

>>> import numpy as np
>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a     object
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object
>>> df['b'] = df['b'].astype(np.int64)
>>> df.dtypes
a    object
b     int64
c     int64
dtype: object

方法三：df[列名].map(数据类型)

>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a     object
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object
>>> df['a'] = df['a'].map(int)
>>> df.dtypes
a      int64
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object

2、整体数据类型改变

>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df.dtypes
a     object
b    float64
c      int64
dtype: object
>>> df = df.astype(np.int64)
>>> df.dtypes
a    int64
b    int64
c    int64
dtype: object

DataFrame的数据选取与删除

1、选取所需的列

>>> df
   a    b  c
0  1  2.0  3
1  4  5.0  6
2  7  8.0  9
>>> df = df[['a', 'b']]
>>> df
   a  b
0  1  2
1  4  5
2  7  8