珠海气候适合居住吗_可以解决气候危机吗

珠海气候适合居住吗

The numbers are well known by now: the world has warmed by 1.1 degrees Celsius compared to pre-Industrial levels at the time of writing, and is on track for the worst case scenarios projected. This year, we saw astonishing temperature records in the Arctic Circle and an ever ongoing loss of biodiversity. Simultaneously, we’ve seen massive leaps in technology. Artificial intelligence, in particular, has captured worldwide attention: from deep fakes and AI twitter bots influencing elections, to its increased use by companies to gain a competitive edge. We’re at the start of the fourth industrial revolution, driven by AI; fundamentally impacting our lives and society as a whole.

到目前为止，这些数字是众所周知的：与撰写本文时的工业化前水平相比，世界已经变暖了1.1摄氏度，并且有望在最坏的情况下发生 。 今年，我们在北极圈看到了惊人的温度记录，而且生物多样性也在不断丧失。 同时，我们看到了技术的飞跃。 尤其是，人工智能已经引起了全世界的关注：从影响选举的深造假货和AI Twitter机器人到公司为获得竞争优势而越来越多地使用人工智能。 在AI的推动下，我们正处于第四次工业革命的开始。 从根本上影响我们的生活和整个社会。

Faced with these developments, we feel that the intersection of climate change and AI is a topic that will dominate headlines in the (near) future. Collaboration in these fields between scientists, governments, organizations and AI practitioners could have far reaching positive effects.

面对这些发展，我们认为气候变化与人工智能的交集将成为(不久)未来头条新闻的话题。 科学家，政府，组织和AI从业者在这些领域的合作可能会产生深远的积极影响。

In this article, we will explore what AI can do for climate change, and what some of the pitfalls are that we have encountered. It will give you a top level overview as an introduction to this fascinating, and rapidly evolving field.

在本文中，我们将探讨AI可以为气候变化做些什么，以及我们遇到的一些陷阱。 它将为您提供顶级概述，作为对这个迷人且快速发展的领域的介绍。

现在该采取行动了 (The time to act is now)

As the saying goes, the best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago, the second best time is now. The 2020s will be a critical decade for climate change. Leading up to 2020 were the global climate protests, broadly motivated by young people concerned for their future. Now the world is facing an economic shock unlike any we’ve known — and calls to make the economic recovery a green recovery. If we can follow up on these intentions, then the willingness to act on climate change will lead to increasingly ambitious international commitments and goals set by national and local governments. These will have a cascading effect on organizations: as the deadlines for these commitments grow closer, the institutional and economic landscape will change. Countries are increasingly held to their commitments, such as the Netherlands. We are seeing that legislation, guidelines, and policies will mandate the need for having carbon neutrality at the core of future economies. These developments will have far-reaching impacts for governments, organizations, and citizens. It is in this context, that artificial intelligence can be a game changer.

俗话说，植树的最佳时间是20年前，而第二好的时间是现在。 2020年代将是气候变化的关键十年。 直到2020年，是全球气候抗议活动，其广泛动机是关注未来的年轻人。 现在，世界正面临着前所未有的经济冲击，并呼吁使经济复苏成为绿色复苏 。 如果我们能够按照这些意图采取行动，那么对气候变化采取行动的意愿将导致国家和地方政府制定越来越雄心勃勃的国际承诺和目标。 这些将对组织产生连锁React：随着这些承诺的最后期限越来越近，机构和经济格局将发生变化。 越来越多的国家( 例如荷兰)信守承诺。 我们看到立法，指南和政策将强制要求在未来经济的核心中实现碳中和。 这些发展将对政府，组织和公民产生深远的影响。 在这种情况下，人工智能可以改变游戏规则。

有关气候变化和人工智能的新兴举措 (Emerging initiatives on the intersection of climate change and AI)

Over the past years, the possibilities of AI to positively impact climate change have been increasingly explored in the field. A number of initiatives have emerged which aim to utilize the advantages of AI with the goal of fighting climate change and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Some prominent examples are initiatives such as Climate Change AI, the AI for Good Global Summit, and its application by NGOs such as the WWF. We are also seeing increased use case explorations such as Microsoft’s AI for Earth and municipal initiatives such as AI 4 Cities. These initiatives are exploring the realm of what’s possible for AI in the context of societal challenges.

在过去的几年中，在该领域中越来越多地探索了AI积极影响气候变化的可能性。 已经出现了许多旨在利用AI的优势来应对气候变化和实现可持续发展目标(SDG)的倡议。 一些著名的例子包括气候变化AI ， 全球公益峰会AI以及诸如WWF之类的非政府组织应用的倡议。 我们还看到越来越多的用例探索，例如Microsoft的Earth for AI和市政举措，例如AI 4 Cities 。 这些举措正在探索在社会挑战的背景下AI可能实现的领域。

This might make you wonder; how exactly can AI impact climate change? We explored this question broadly from two vantage points: climate mitigation, and adaptation.

这可能使您感到奇怪； 人工智能到底如何影响气候变化？ 我们从两个有利的角度广泛探讨了这个问题：缓解气候变化和适应气候变化。

缓解气候变化的人工智能 (AI for climate change mitigation)

Climate change mitigation efforts are those that target reduction or prevention of the emission of greenhouse gases. This is usually realized through innovation, efficiency, and behavior change. New technologies and renewable energy play a major part in most scenarios, but as of yet, have failed to meet the requirements that are necessary to achieve the stated commitments. This is where AI could be a game changer. As the writers of “Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning” present, there are myriad use cases for electricity systems, transportation, buildings, industry and land use. As of yet, there are still only few examples that have been productionalized, but the coming years will be critical for putting theory into practice.

缓解气候变化的努力是旨在减少或防止温室气体排放的努力。 这通常是通过创新，效率和行为改变来实现的。 在大多数情况下，新技术和可再生能源都扮演着重要角色，但是到目前为止，还没有满足实现上述承诺所必需的要求。 这就是AI可以改变游戏规则的地方。 正如“ 用机器学习应对气候变化 ”的作者所提出的那样，电力系统，交通运输，建筑，工业和土地使用都有无数的用例。 到目前为止，仍然只有极少数的实例可以投入生产，但是未来几年对于将理论付诸实践至关重要。

人工智能用于气候适应 (AI for climate adaptation)

Climate adaptation efforts are concerned with adapting our lifestyle and surroundings so that we are anticipating and hopefully negating the effects of climate change consequences. Examples are increased green areas in cities to counter the heat island effect, reopening waterways, or moving away from climate-vulnerable areas. There are a multitude of applications for AI to help decision makers and organizations: evaluating vulnerable areas based on sensor data and remote sensing, improved extreme weather and disaster modelling through upscaling, AI can aid in showing the effects of extreme weather, help analyze what has happened (and might happen) based on, for example, satellite images and photography, and help identify best practices in fields such as planning and adaptation for future occurrences.

气候适应工作涉及适应我们的生活方式和环境，因此我们正在期待并希望消除气候变化后果的影响。 例如，为了应对热岛效应而增加城市绿地面积，重新开放水路或远离气候脆弱地区。 人工智能有许多应用程序可以帮助决策者和组织：基于传感器数据和遥感评估脆弱区域，通过扩大规模来改善极端天气和灾害模型，人工智能可以帮助显示极端天气的影响，帮助分析发生(并可能发生)是基于(例如)卫星图像和摄影，并且有助于确定诸如规划和适应未来发生等领域的最佳实践。

陷阱和注意事项 (Pitfalls and considerations)

While it is tempting to only discuss the exciting possibilities, there are also several considerations to be made. Without listing them all, there are two that stand out. Firstly, a lot of the immediate solutions are based on efficiency metrics. A popular application area of artificial intelligence is focused on increasing the efficiency of processes. In practice however, oftentimes the gains made from efficiency actually lead to increased use, rather than a reduction in use (or increased sustainability). It is therefore important to keep in mind the potential cascading effects of efficiency measures, to understand whether they will indeed lead to a positive climate impact.

尽管只讨论令人兴奋的可能性很诱人，但也有一些注意事项。 如果不全部列出，则有两个突出。 首先，许多直接的解决方案都基于效率指标。 人工智能的一个流行应用领域集中在提高流程效率上。 然而，实际上，效率带来的收益通常会导致使用增加 ，而不是减少使用(或增加可持续性)。 因此，重要的是要牢记效率措施的潜在连锁效应，了解它们是否确实会带来积极的气候影响。

The second potential pitfall is that in some cases, the use of AI might actually cloud more innovative solutions. When entirely new practices and a radical shift in system design are needed, a model that is trained on existing practices might not be adequate. The focus on efficiency for instance, or the use of existing treasure-troves of data, could sometimes stand in the way of more innovative approaches to solving climate change issues. In short, the overall goal of sustainability needs to be first in mind, and the solutions need to be adapted to this purpose. This is where we believe that applying AI to climate change in a human(ity)-centered way, can make the difference.

第二个潜在的陷阱是，在某些情况下，使用AI实际上可能会使更多创新的解决方案蒙上阴影。 当需要全新的实践和系统设计的根本转变时，以现有实践为基础进行训练的模型可能并不足够。 例如，对效率的关注或对现有数据宝库的使用有时可能会阻碍解决气候变化问题的更具创新性的方法。 简而言之，首先要考虑到可持续发展的总体目标，并且需要针对此目的调整解决方案。 这就是我们认为将AI应用于以人为中心的气候变化的地方 方式，可以有所作为。

以人为本>以技术为中心 (Human(ity)-centered > technology-centered)

Even though artificial intelligence can play a large role in contributing to the solutions for some of the climate challenges we’re facing, it’s important to keep in mind that climate change is not a technology problem. AI won’t “solve” climate change; however, it can be an important part of a larger solution. In our view, approaching the intersection of climate change and AI in a human(ity)-centered way, means a number of things:

尽管人工智能可以在为我们面临的某些气候挑战提供解决方案方面发挥重要作用，但重要的是要记住，气候变化不是技术问题。 人工智能不会“解决”气候变化。 但是，它可能是较大解决方案的重要组成部分。 我们认为，以人类为中心的方式来应对气候变化与人工智能的交集意味着很多事情：

• Deep interdisciplinary collaboration between government, academia, organisations; from climatologists, urban planners and policy makers to machine learning experts, designers and ethicists.

  政府，学术界，组织之间的跨学科合作 ； 从气候学家，城市规划者和政策制定者到机器学习专家，设计师和伦理学家。

• Understanding the systems at play; enabling us to consider and mitigate potentially harmful cascading effects of introducing (technological) solutions.

  了解正在发挥作用的系统 ； 使我们能够考虑和减轻引入(技术)解决方案的潜在有害级联效应。

• Considering the trade-off in terms of the carbon footprint of large AI models; by focusing on reducing & reusing AI models.

  考虑到大型AI模型在碳足迹方面的权衡 ； 通过专注于减少和重用AI模型。

So back to the title: Can AI solve the climate crisis? The answer is no…. but it can certainly help. It is important to realize that AI is not a hammer for every nail. Approaching climate change from a human(ity)-centered AI lens, is to a large degree about understanding which problems can actually benefit from AI, and which ones… don’t.

回到标题：人工智能可以解决气候危机吗？ 答案是不…。 但这肯定会有所帮助。 重要的是要意识到AI并不是每一个钉子都会钉锤 。 从以人为中心的AI视角来应对气候变化在很大程度上要理解哪些问题可以从AI中真正受益，而哪些问题则没有。

This article was co-written by David Ismangil (freelance climate change strategist & researcher) and Nathalie Post (head of strategy at DEUS: human(ity)-centered AI).

本文由David Ismangil(自由气候变化策略师和研究人员)和Nathalie Post(DEUS战略负责人：以人为中心的AI)共同撰写。

With this article, we’re only scratching the surface of climate change and artificial intelligence. In future articles, we’ll explore more specific use cases, starting with the role AI could play for cities to combat and adapt to climate change. We’d love to get in touch with other practitioners in the field of AI and climate change, so don’t hesitate to reach out.

在本文中，我们仅涉及气候变化和人工智能的表面。 在未来的文章中，我们将探讨更具体的用例，从AI可以为城市抗击和适应气候变化所扮演的角色开始。 我们很乐意与AI和气候变化领域的其他从业者取得联系，所以请随时与我们联系。

翻译自: https://medium.com/deus-humanity-centered-ai/can-ai-solve-the-climate-crisis-5723732ff0ee

珠海气候适合居住吗