向量 矩阵 张量_张量，矩阵和向量有什么区别？

向量 矩阵 张量

机器学习代数 (MACHINE LEARNING ALGEBRA)

Algebra is an important element of mathematics and has a lot of practical applications. Among other things, it plays a crucial role in the economy, quantum computing, and machine learning. For the latter one, matrices and vectors are important, while the popular Python framework PyTorch uses tensor-based operations. Despite their similarities, a tensor is neither a matrix nor a vector, contrary to what many people think.

代数是数学的重要组成部分，具有许多实际应用。 除其他外，它在经济，量子计算和机器学习中起着至关重要的作用。 对于后者，矩阵和向量很重要，而流行的Python框架PyTorch使用基于张量的运算。 尽管有相似之处，但张量既不是矩阵也不是矢量，这与许多人的想法相反。

A matrix is a grid of m x n numbers surrounded by square brackets. Here, m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns. Mathematical operations can be performed on matrices, such as e.g. matrix multiplication, matrix addition, and many more.

矩阵是由方括号包围的mxn数字网格。 此处，m是行数，n是列数。 可以在矩阵上执行数学运算，例如矩阵乘法，矩阵加法等等。

A vector is a 1D array of numbers, a matrix where m or n is equal to 1. Similarly to a matrix, it is also possible to perform numerous mathematical operations on a vector, and it is possible to multiply matrices with vectors and vice versa.

向量是一维数字数组，其中m或n等于1的矩阵。类似于矩阵，还可以对向量执行大量数学运算，并且可以将矩阵与向量相乘，反之亦然。

A tensor, however, can be thought of as a generalized matrix which can be described by its rank. The rank of a tensor is an integer number of 0 or higher. A tensor with rank 0 can be represented by a scalar, a tensor with rank 1 can be represented by a vector and a tensor of rank 2 can be represented by a matrix. There are also tensors of rank 3 and higher, the latter ones being more difficult to visualize. In addition to the rank, there are certain characteristics of tensors related to how they interact with other mathematical entities. If one of the entities in an interaction transform the other entity or entities, then the tensor has to obey a related transformation rule.

但是，张量可以认为是可以用其秩来描述的广义矩阵。 张量的秩是0或更高的整数。 等级为0的张量可以由标量表示，等级为1的张量可以由矢量表示，等级2的张量可以由矩阵表示。 还存在3级或更高的张量，后者更难以可视化。 除等级外，张量还具有某些与张量与其他数学实体的相互作用有关的特征。 如果交互中的一个实体变换了另一个实体，则张量必须服从相关的变换规则。

[1] Steven Steinke. What’s the difference between a matrix and a tensor? (Aug 2017). https://medium.com/@quantumsteinke/whats-the-difference-between-a-matrix-and-a-tensor-4505fbdc576c

[1]史蒂文·斯坦克。 矩阵和张量之间有什么区别？ (2017年8月)。 https://medium.com/@quantumsteinke/whats-the-difference-between-a-matrix-and-a-tensor-4505fbdc576c

翻译自: https://medium.com/swlh/what-is-the-difference-between-a-tensor-a-matrix-and-a-vector-ce9982f35064

向量 矩阵 张量