数字调制BPSK/QPSK/QAM/ASK/FSK/PSK

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BPSK

BPSK stands for Binary Phase Shift Keying. It is digital modulation technique.

As mentioned in the constellation diagram binary 1 and binary 0 are represented by different carrier phases each is 180 degree apart. The simplest BPSK scheme uses two phases to represent the two binary digits and is known as binary phase-shift keying. The resulting transmitted single for one bit time is

S (t) =A* cos (2pifc*t) for binary 1

S (t) =A cos (2pifct+pi) for binary 0

This is regarded as the most robust digital modulation technique and is used for long distance wireless communication. When CINR is poor base station choose BPSK modulation technique in most of the adaptive modulation technique adopted in cellular communication.

It is less immune to the interference. Typically KMOD is 1 for BPSK in the equation.

t is considered to be more robust among all the modulation types due to difference of 180 degree between two constellation points. Hence it can withstand severe amount of channel conditions or channel fading. It is used in OFDM and OFDMA to modulate the pilot subcarriers used for channel estimation and equalization. As we know different channels are used for specific data transmission in cellular systems. The channels used to transmit system related informations which are very essential are modulated using BPSK modulation.

QPSK

QPSK stands for Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. It is digital modulation technique. QPSK is bandwidth efficient as each signal point represents two bits.

For example, instead of a phase shift of 180 degree, as allowed in BPSK, a common encoding technique, known as QPSK uses phase shifts of multiples of 90 degrees i.e. pi by 2.
QPSK modulation can be represented mathematically as mentioned below.

S(t)= A* cos(2pifct + pi/4) for ‘11’ input bits
S(t)= A cos(2pifct + (3pi4)/4) for ‘01’ input bits
S(t)= A cos(2pifct -(3pi4)/4) for ‘00’ input bits
S(t)= A cos(2pifc*t -pi/4) for ‘10’ input bits

It converts two binary bits represented simultaneously at the input to the complex signal S(t) or d as mentioned. This complex signal selects one of the four phases based on two binary digits. Each state of the complex signal or waveform is called as symbol.

For QPSK, input bit stream need to break up to two-two bits and later these two bits are entered simultaneously to the input of the QPSK modulator. Hence, as shown in the constellation diagram for the input of 11 the output is (1+ j*1)KMOD, where KMOD is normalization factor. For most of the systems KMOD is 0.707
As mentioned this output of 0.707+j0.707 is called as symbol which represent two binary information digits.

BPSK&QPSK比较