先举例最为常见的调试方法是:printdef foo(s):
n = int(s)
print('>>> n = %d' % n)
return 10 / n
def main():
foo('0')
main()
运行结果:>>> n = 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usercode/file.py", line 13, in
main()
File "/usercode/file.py", line 10, in main
foo('0')
File "/usercode/file.py", line 7, in foo
return 10 / n
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
有时候并不想要print输出信息,只是为了方便看调试值而已,所以,assert可以解决这个问题。
assert(断言):
将print替换
当n != 0 为False时,才会执行'n is zero!'def foo(s):
n = int(s)
assert n != 0, 'n is zero!'
return 10 / ndef main():
foo('0')
运行结果:Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usercode/file.py", line 14, in
main()
File "/usercode/file.py", line 11, in main
foo('0')
File "/usercode/file.py", line 6, in foo
assert n != 0, 'n is zero!'
AssertionError: n is zero!
logging:
用logging代替print, 可将信息输出到文件中,但我还不懂是哪个文件,怎么找。。。。
logging.info()可以输出一段文本,但并不会主动将文本信息显示在会话框,所以需要加:logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
没有在会话框输出logging内容的程序:import logging
s = '0'
n = int(s)
logging.info('n = %d' % n)
print(10 / n)
运行结果:Traceback (most recent call last):
File "log_info.py", line 6, in
print(10 / n)
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
在会话框输出logging内容的程序:import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) #####增加这句
s = '0'
n = int(s)
logging.info('n = %d' % n)
print(10 / n)
运行结果:INFO:root:n = 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "log_dug1.py", line 7, in
print(10 / n)
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
看,可以把文本内容输出到了会话窗口了INFO:root:n = 0
单步运行:pdb
命令:
进入调试状态:python -m pdb 文件名
查看文件内容:l(小写)
查看变量 :p 变量名
调试当前语句:n
退出调试 :q
s = '0'
n = int(s)
j = 10 / n
d = j + 1
print('d', d)
运行结果:z@g:~/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug$ python -m pdb log_pdb.py
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/log_pdb.py(4)()
-> s = '0'
(Pdb) l
1 #!/usr/bin/python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3
4 ->s = '0'
5 n = int(s)
6 j = 10 / n
7 d = j + 1
8 print('d', d)
9
10
11
(Pdb) n
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/log_pdb.py(5)()
-> n = int(s)
(Pdb) n
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/log_pdb.py(6)()
-> j = 10 / n
(Pdb) n
ZeroDivisionError: 'integer division or modulo by zero'
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/log_pdb.py(6)()
-> j = 10 / n
当运行到了-> j = 10 / n
就会提出错误信息ZeroDivisionError: 'integer division or modulo by zero'
pdb虽好,但从头到尾开始,有点蛋疼,如果能在指定的地方开始测试就好了,所以,pdb.set_trace()在群众的欢呼中出来了。#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pdb
s = '0'
n = int(s)
pdb.set_trace() # 运行到这里会自动暂停
print(10 / n)
运行结果:直接运行.py文件q@s:~/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug$ python set_trace.py
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/set_trace.py(9)()
-> print(10 / n)
(Pdb) p n --------------》查看变量n的值
0
(Pdb) p s
'0'
(Pdb) n ------------------》单步执行
ZeroDivisionError: 'integer division or modulo by zero'
> /home/seeing-zynq/Documents/Temp/ErrorDebug/set_trace.py(9)()
-> print(10 / n)
(Pdb) c --------------------》自动往下执行
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "set_trace.py", line 9, in
print(10 / n)
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero