一、I2C总线概览
(1)三根通信线:SCL、SDA、GND
(2)同步、串行、电平、低速、近距离
(3)总线式结构,支持多个设备挂接在同一条总线上
(4)主从式结构,通信双方必须一个为主(master)一个为从(slave),每个从设备在总线中有唯一的地址(slave address),主设备通过从地址找到自己要通信的从设备(本质是广播)
(5)I2C主要的用途就是主SoC和外围设备之间的通信。常见的各种物联网传感器芯片(如gsensor、温度、湿度、光强度、烟雾浓度、压力等)均使用的是I2C接口和主SoC进行连接。
二、I2C子系统4个关键的结构体
struct i2c_adapter { //I2C适配器
struct module *owner;
unsigned int class; /* classes to allow probing for */
const struct i2c_algorithm *algo; /* the algorithm to access the bus */
void *algo_data;
/* data fields that are valid for all devices */
struct rt_mutex bus_lock;
int timeout; /* in jiffies */
int retries;
struct device dev; /* the adapter device */
int nr;
char name[48];
struct completion dev_released;
struct mutex userspace_clients_lock;
struct list_head userspace_clients;
struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bus_recovery_info;
};
struct i2c_algorithm { //I2C算法
/* If an adapter algorithm can't do I2C-level access, set master_xfer
to NULL. If an adapter algorithm can do SMBus access, set
smbus_xfer. If set to NULL, the SMBus protocol is simulated
using common I2C messages */
/* master_xfer should return the number of messages successfully
processed, or a negative value on error */
int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs,
int num);
int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,
unsigned short flags, char read_write,
u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);
/* To determine what the adapter supports */
u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_I2C_SLAVE)
int (*reg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client);
int (*unreg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client);
#endif
};
/**
* struct i2c_client - represent an I2C slave device
* @flags: I2C_CLIENT_TEN indicates the device uses a ten bit chip address;
* I2C_CLIENT_PEC indicates it uses SMBus Packet Error Checking
* @addr: Address used on the I2C bus connected to the parent adapter.
* @name: Indicates the type of the device, usually a chip name that's
* generic enough to hide second-sourcing and compatible revisions.
* @adapter: manages the bus segment hosting this I2C device
* @dev: Driver model device node for the slave.
* @irq: indicates the IRQ generated by this device (if any)
* @detected: member of an i2c_driver.clients list or i2c-core's
* userspace_devices list
*
* An i2c_client identifies a single device (i.e. chip) connected to an
* i2c bus. The behaviour exposed to Linux is defined by the driver
* managing the device.
*/
struct i2c_client { //I2C(从机)设备信息
unsigned short flags; /* div., see below */
unsigned short addr; /* chip address - NOTE: 7bit */
/* addresses are stored in the */
/* _LOWER_ 7 bits */
char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
struct i2c_adapter *adapter; /* the adapter we sit on */
struct device dev; /* the device structure */
int irq; /* irq issued by device */
struct list_head detected;
};
/**
* struct i2c_driver - represent an I2C device driver
* @class: What kind of i2c device we instantiate (for detect)
* @attach_adapter: Callback for bus addition (deprecated)
* @probe: Callback for device binding
* @remove: Callback for device unbinding
* @shutdown: Callback for device shutdown
* @suspend: Callback for device suspend
* @resume: Callback for device resume
* @alert: Alert callback, for example for the SMBus alert protocol
* @command: Callback for bus-wide signaling (optional)
* @driver: Device driver model driver
* @id_table: List of I2C devices supported by this driver
* @detect: Callback for device detection
* @address_list: The I2C addresses to probe (for detect)
* @clients: List of detected clients we created (for i2c-core use only)
*
* The driver.owner field should be set to the module owner of this driver.
* The driver.name field should be set to the name of this driver.
*
* For automatic device detection, both @detect and @address_list must
* be defined. @class should also be set, otherwise only devices forced
* with module parameters will be created. The detect function must
* fill at least the name field of the i2c_board_info structure it is
* handed upon successful detection, and possibly also the flags field.
*
* If @detect is missing, the driver will still work fine for enumerated
* devices. Detected devices simply won't be supported. This is expected
* for the many I2C/SMBus devices which can't be detected reliably, and
* the ones which can always be enumerated in practice.
*
* The i2c_client structure which is handed to the @detect callback is
* not a real i2c_client. It is initialized just enough so that you can
* call i2c_smbus_read_byte_data and friends on it. Don't do anything
* else with it. In particular, calling dev_dbg and friends on it is
* not allowed.
*/
struct i2c_driver { //I2C(从机)设备驱动
unsigned int class;
/* Notifies the driver that a new bus has appeared. You should avoid
* using this, it will be removed in a near future.
*/
int (*attach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *) __deprecated;
/* Standard driver model interfaces */
int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *, const struct i2c_device_id *);
int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *);
/* driver model interfaces that don't relate to enumeration */
void (*shutdown)(struct i2c_client *);
int (*suspend)(struct i2c_client *, pm_message_t mesg);
int (*resume)(struct i2c_client *);
/* Alert callback, for example for the SMBus alert protocol.
* The format and meaning of the data value depends on the protocol.
* For the SMBus alert protocol, there is a single bit of data passed
* as the alert response's low bit ("event flag").
*/
void (*alert)(struct i2c_client *, unsigned int data);
/* a ioctl like command that can be used to perform specific functions
* with the device.
*/
int (*command)(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned int cmd, void *arg);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct i2c_device_id *id_table;
/* Device detection callback for automatic device creation */
int (*detect)(struct i2c_client *, struct i2c_board_info *);
const unsigned short *address_list;
struct list_head clients;
};