OpenGL高级光照篇--HDR-35

参考：中文
英语

理论知识看链接吧！

HDR可以让颜色超过1，再经过色调映射到LDR范围，保留细节。
色调映射的算法不同效果也不同，主要和算法有关！

刚发现有源码库：HDR

代码：

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <stb_image.h>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

#include <learnopengl/shader.h>
#include <learnopengl/camera.h>
#include <learnopengl/model.h>

#include <iostream>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char* path, bool gammaCorrection);
void renderQuad();
void renderCube();

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
bool hdr = true;
bool hdrKeyPressed = false;
float exposure = 1.0f;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f));
float lastX = (float)SCR_WIDTH / 2.0;
float lastY = (float)SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0;
bool firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

int main()
{
	//Init
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

	//create window
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "hahaha", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
	glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
	glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

	//set mouse mode
	glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

	//glad : load all OpenGL function pointers
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "Failed to init GLAD" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}

	//configure global opengl state
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	//build and compile shaders
	Shader shader("Shaders/Learn35_Lighting.vs", "Shaders/Learn35_Lighting.fs");
	Shader hdrShader("Shaders/Learn35_HDR.vs", "Shaders/Learn35_HDR.fs");

	//load texture
	unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("Images/wood.png", true);

	//configure floating point framebuffer
	unsigned int hdrFBO;
	glGenFramebuffers(1, &hdrFBO);
	//create floating point color buffer
	unsigned int colorBuffer;
	glGenTextures(1, &colorBuffer);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorBuffer);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA16F, SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT, NULL);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	//create depth buffer(renderbuffer)
	unsigned int rboDepth;
	glGenRenderbuffers(1, &rboDepth);
	glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, rboDepth);
	glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT);
	//attach buffers
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, hdrFBO);
	//set color buffer
	glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorBuffer, 0);
	//set depth buffer
	glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, rboDepth);
	if (glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
	{
		std::cout << "Framebuffer not complete!" << std::endl;
	}
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);

	//lighting info
	//position
	std::vector<glm::vec3> lightPositions;
	lightPositions.push_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 49.5f)); // back light
	lightPositions.push_back(glm::vec3(-1.4f, -1.9f, 9.0f));
	lightPositions.push_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, -1.8f, 4.0f));
	lightPositions.push_back(glm::vec3(0.8f, -1.7f, 6.0f));

	//colors
	std::vector<glm::vec3> lightColors;
	lightColors.push_back(glm::vec3(200.0f, 200.0f, 200.0f));
	lightColors.push_back(glm::vec3(0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
	lightColors.push_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.2f));
	lightColors.push_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f));

	//shader configuration
	shader.use();
	shader.setInt("diffuseTexture", 0);
	hdrShader.use();
	hdrShader.setInt("hdrBuffer", 0);

	//render loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		//per-frame time logic
		float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
		deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
		lastFrame = currentFrame;

		//input
		processInput(window);

		//Render..........................
		glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

		//1.render scene into floating point framebuffer
		glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, hdrFBO);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (GLfloat)SCR_WIDTH / (GLfloat)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
		shader.use();
		shader.setMat4("projection", projection);
		shader.setMat4("view", view);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
		//set lighting uniforms
				
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < lightPositions.size(); i++)
		{
			shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(i) + "].Position", lightPositions[i]);
			shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(i) + "].Color", lightColors[i]);
		}
		shader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);

		//render tunnel
		glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 25.0f));
		model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(2.5f, 2.5f, 27.5f));
		shader.setMat4("model", model);
		shader.setInt("inverse_normals", true);
		renderCube();
		glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);

		//2.now render floating point color buffer to 2D quad and tonemap HDR colors to default framebuffer's color range
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		hdrShader.use();
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorBuffer);
		hdrShader.setInt("hdr", hdr);
		hdrShader.setFloat("exposure", exposure);
		renderQuad();
		
		//std::cout << "hdr:" << (hdr ? "on" : "off") << "| exposure:" << exposure << std::endl;

		//glfw:swap buffer and poll IO event
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}

	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);

	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);

	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_SPACE) == GLFW_PRESS && !hdrKeyPressed)
	{
		hdr = !hdr;
		hdrKeyPressed = true;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_SPACE) == GLFW_RELEASE)
	{
		hdrKeyPressed = false;
	}

	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		if (exposure > 0.0f)
			exposure -= 0.01f;
		else
			exposure = 0.0f;
	}
	else if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		exposure += 0.01f;
	}
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
	// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
	// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
	if (firstMouse)
	{
		lastX = xpos;
		lastY = ypos;
		firstMouse = false;
	}

	float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
	float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top

	lastX = xpos;
	lastY = ypos;

	camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
	camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

//加了Gamma矫正
unsigned int loadTexture(const char* path, bool gammaCorrection)
{
	unsigned int textureID;
	glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

	int width, height, nrComponents;
	unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
	if (data)
	{
		GLenum internalFormat;
		GLenum format;
		if (nrComponents == 1)
		{
			internalFormat = format = GL_RED;
		}
		else if (nrComponents == 3)
		{
			internalFormat = gammaCorrection ? GL_SRGB : GL_RGB;
			format = GL_RGB;
		}
		else if (nrComponents == 4)
		{
			internalFormat = gammaCorrection ? GL_SRGB_ALPHA : GL_RGBA;
			format = GL_RGBA;
		}

		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, internalFormat, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, format == GL_RGBA ? GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE : GL_REPEAT); // for this tutorial: use GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE to prevent semi-transparent borders. Due to interpolation it takes texels from next repeat 
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, format == GL_RGBA ? GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE : GL_REPEAT);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

		stbi_image_free(data);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
		stbi_image_free(data);
	}

	return textureID;
}

unsigned int quadVAO = 0;
unsigned int quadVBO;

void renderQuad()
{
	if (quadVAO == 0)
	{
		float quadVertices[] = {
			// positions        // texture Coords
			-1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
			-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
			 1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
			 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		};

		//configurate vao
		glGenVertexArrays(1, &quadVAO);
		glGenBuffers(1, &quadVBO);
		glBindVertexArray(quadVAO);
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadVBO);
		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(quadVertices), &quadVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
		glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
		glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));

		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
		glBindVertexArray(0);
	}

	glBindVertexArray(quadVAO);
	//这里参数不要写错
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
	glBindVertexArray(0);
}

unsigned int cubeVAO = 0;
unsigned int cubeVBO = 0;
void renderCube()
{
	if (cubeVAO == 0)
	{
		float vertices[] = {
			// back face
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right         
			 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			// front face
			-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
			 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			// left face
			-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
			-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
			-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
			-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
			// right face
			 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
			 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-right
			 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right         
			 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-right
			 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
			 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left     
			// bottom face
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
			-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
			-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
			// top face
			-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			 1.0f,  1.0f , 1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
			 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right     
			 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
			-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
			-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f  // bottom-left        
		};
		glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
		glGenBuffers(1, &cubeVBO);
		//fill buffer
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cubeVBO);
		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
		//link vertex attributes
		glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
		glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
		glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
		glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
		glBindVertexArray(0);
	}
	//render cube
	glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
	glBindVertexArray(0);
}

光照顶点着色器：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 normal;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 texCoords;

out VS_OUT{
	vec3 FragPos;
	vec3 Normal;
	vec2 TexCoords;
}vs_out;

uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 model;

uniform bool inverse_normals;

void main()
{
	gl_Position=projection*view*model*vec4(position,1.0);	
	
	vs_out.FragPos=vec3(model*vec4(position,1.0));
	vs_out.TexCoords=texCoords;
	
	vec3 n=inverse_normals?-normal:normal;
	
	mat3 normalMatrix=transpose(inverse(mat3(model)));
	vs_out.Normal=normalize(normalMatrix*n);	
}

光照片元着色器：

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in VS_OUT{
	vec3 FragPos;
	vec3 Normal;
	vec2 TexCoords;
}fs_in;

struct Light{
	vec3 Position;
	vec3 Color;
};

uniform Light lights[16];
uniform sampler2D diffuseTexture;
uniform vec3 viewPos;

void main()
{
	vec3 color=texture(diffuseTexture,fs_in.TexCoords).rgb;
	vec3 normal=normalize(fs_in.Normal);
	
	//ambient
	vec3 ambient=0.5*color;
	//lighting
	vec3 lighting=vec3(0.0);
	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		//diffuse
		vec3 lightDir=normalize(lights[i].Position-fs_in.FragPos);
		float diff=max(dot(lightDir,normal),0.0);
		vec3 diffuse=lights[i].Color*diff*color;
		vec3 result=diffuse;
		//attenuation
		float distance=length(fs_in.FragPos-lights[i].Position);
		result*=1.0/(distance*distance);
		lighting+=result;		
	}
	FragColor=vec4(ambient+lighting,1.0);	
}

HDR顶点着色器：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoords;

out vec2 TexCoords;

void main()
{
    TexCoords = aTexCoords;
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0);
}

HDR片元着色器：

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
in vec2 TexCoords;

uniform sampler2D hdrBuffer;
uniform float exposure;
uniform bool hdr;

void main()
{             
    const float gamma = 2.2;
    vec3 hdrColor = texture(hdrBuffer, TexCoords).rgb;

	if(hdr)
	{
		// reinhard
		// vec3 result = hdrColor / (hdrColor + vec3(1.0));
		// exposure
		vec3 result = vec3(1.0) - exp(-hdrColor * exposure);
		// also gamma correct while we're at it       
		result = pow(result, vec3(1.0 / gamma));
		color = vec4(result, 1.0f);
	}
	else
	{
		vec3 result=pow(hdrColor,vec3(1.0/gamma));
		color=vec4(result,1.0);
	}    
}