linux驱动开发总体结构，设备结构体分析

常用设备结构体

struct key_dev{

    dev_t devid;            /* 设备号      */
    struct cdev cdev;        /* cdev     字符设备*/
    struct class *class;    /* 类         */
    struct device *device;    /* 设备      */
    int major;                /* 主设备号      */
    int minor;                /* 次设备号   */
    struct device_node    *nd; /* 设备节点 */
    
};

 

dev_t 是一个无符号长型定义源码中定义

typedef unsigned long u_long;

typedef u_long dev_t;

 传递给驱动的结点inode

/*
* @description        : 打开设备
* @param - inode     : 传递给驱动的inode
* @param - filp     : 设备文件，file结构体有个叫做private_data的成员变量
*                       一般在open的时候将private_data指向设备结构体。
* @return             : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int beep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    filp->private_data = &beep; /* 设置私有数据 */
    
    return 0;
}

源码中定义private_data

/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */

   

 void            *private_data;

写数据 

/*
* @description        : 关闭/释放设备
* @param - filp     : 要关闭的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @return             : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int beep_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)


/*
* @description        : 向设备写数据
* @param - filp     : 设备文件，表示打开的文件描述符
* @param - buf     : 要写给设备写入的数据
* @param - cnt     : 要写入的数据长度
* @param - offt     : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return             : 写入的字节数，如果为负值，表示写入失败
*/
static ssize_t beep_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)

ssize_t 类型定义

读数据 

/*
* @description        : 从设备读取数据
* @param - filp     : 要打开的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @param - buf     : 返回给用户空间的数据缓冲区
* @param - cnt     : 要读取的数据长度
* @param - offt     : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return             : 读取的字节数，如果为负值，表示读取失败
*/
static ssize_t key_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)

设备操作函数

所在位置：linux源码/include/linux/fs.h

struct file_operations {
    struct module *owner;
    loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
    ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
    ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
    int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
    unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
    long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
    int (*mremap)(struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
    int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
    int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
    int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
    int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
    int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
    unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
    int (*check_flags)(int);
    int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
    ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
    int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
    long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
              loff_t len);
    void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
    unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
};

设备操作， 驱动出入口函数

/* 设备操作函数 */
static struct file_operations beep_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,//声明这是模块
    .open = beep_open,
    .write = beep_write,
    .release =     beep_release,
};


/*
* @description    : 驱动入口函数
* @param         : 无
* @return         : 无
*/
static int __init beep_init(void)

/*
* @description    : 驱动出口函数
* @param         : 无
* @return         : 无
*/
static void __exit beep_exit(void)

声明模块

module_init(beep_init);
module_exit(beep_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");