【跟着MIT学Python】Unit 2.4 Functions

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 17:18:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 17:18:35 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42119585/article/details/123196670

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本文探讨了算法设计中的关键概念，如问题分解技巧和抽象思维在编程中的应用，通过实例解析函数定义、返回与打印、作用域、递归与交互的区别，以及模块导入和文件操作。深入理解分解问题成小块和使用黑箱抽象是提升编程效率的基础。

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Decomposition & Abstraction

$\begin{cases}Decomposition: \textit{break problems into small pieces}\\Abstraction: \textit{Black box}\end{cases}$

Function

Characteristic:

name

parameter

docstring

body

def is_even(i): # name and the parameter
	'''
	here is the docstring
	'''
	<body>
is_even(n) #call the function

The indentation indicated the body of the function.

Calling function and Scope

Return & Print

Return	Print
Only has meaning inside the function	Can be used outside the function
Only one return executed inside a function	Can execute many print statement inside a function

Python returns the value None, if nothing return given.

Scope

inside a function, can access a variable outside
inside ac function, cannot modify a variable outside

Keyword Arguments

EXAMPLE

	def printName(firstname, lastname, reverse):
		if reverse:
			print()
		else:
			print()

Reverse the input order


printName(lastname = 'balaba', firstname='balaba',reverse = False)

Given default value

def printName(firstname, lastname, reverse = False)
	<scope>

printName(balaba,balaba) #THE REVERSE WILL BE DEFAULT VALUE

Specification

'''
input: i , a positive int
Returns True if i is even, False if i is odd
'''

Objects

Built-in Types - Python 3.10.2 documentation

capitalize	upper	isupper	swapcase	index	find	count	replace

indexraises ValueError when x is not found in s

find Return -1 if sub is not found.

Interaction vs. Recursion

RECURSION

Breaking down question into a smaller version of the question itself.

$a\times b = \underbrace{a+a+...+a}_{b}\\= a+\underbrace{a+a+...+a}_{b-1}$

# Recursion
def mult(a,b)
	if b == 1:
		return a
	else:
		return a + mult(a, b-1)

INTERACTION

Looping constructs lead to interactive algorithms

# Interaction
def mult_inter(a,b)
	result = 0
	while b > 0:
		result += a
		b -= 1
	return result

Files

module and files

a module is a .py doc

# the file circle.py contains:
pi = 3.14159
def area(radius):
	return pi*(radius**2)
def circumference(radius):
	return 2*pi*radius

import and use the module

import circle
pi = 3
print(pi) # print out 3
print(circle.pi) # print out 3.14159
print(circle.area(3))

Dont want to refer to functions and variable by module,

from cicle import *

Files

save work for latter use

OPEN and CLOSE

#open a file called kids for writing use
nameHandle = open('kids','w')
name = input('type something:')
nameHandle.write(name+'\n')
nameHandle.close()

#open a file called kids for reading use
nameHandle = open('kids','r')
print(line)
nameHandle.close()

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【跟着MIT学Python】Unit 2.4 Functions

Decomposition & Abstraction{Decomposition:break problems into small piecesAbstraction:Black box\begin{cases}Decomposition: \textit{break problems into small pieces}\\Abstraction: \textit{Black box}\end{cases}{Decomposition:b
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