Ubuntu 14.04/16.04 (使用apt-get进行安装)Docker（以下内容整理于阿里云官网）

一 开始安装

#先卸载旧版本的docker
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker-ce docker.io
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

# step 2: 安装GPG证书
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

# Step 3: 写入软件源信息
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

# Step 4: 更新并安装最新版Docker-CE
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

#安装指定版本的Docker-CE:

#Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:

#apt-cache madison docker-ce
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.7~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.6~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.5~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.4~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.3~ce~3-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.2~ce~3-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.12.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.12.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.09.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.09.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.06.2~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.06.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.06.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.03.3~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages


#Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION例如上面的17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)

# sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]

二 添加阿里云镜像加速器

1：阿里云docker仓库 https://dev.aliyun.com/search.html

2：进去注册帐号后，搜索容器镜像服务。

3：在容器镜像服务中点击加速器，右边面板会有你的加速地址，右边面板下面有详细设置步骤。
4：配置镜像加速器

针对Docker客户端版本大于 1.10.0 的用户

您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxmky0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]#用自己注册的加速器地址
}
EOF

重启docker

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

三 测试Docker时候安装成功

启动docker后台服务：service docker start
验证是否安装成功：docker version
sudo docker run hello-world
若出以下信息，则说明docker安装成功
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6540fc08ee6e6b7b63468dc3317e3303aae178cb8a45ed3123180328bcc1d20f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.