相关链接
OpenGL环境下PLY三维模型的读入与显示的源码-CSDN下载
codeblocks配置OpenGL环境-CSDN博客
问题描述
仿照PLY格式点云读取代码，实现PLY格式三角形面片模型的读取与显示。
问题分析
分析ply文件结构
ply
format ascii 1.0 {ascii/二进制，格式版本数}
comment VCGLIB generated {注释关键词说明}
element vertex 34835 {定义“vertex”（顶点）元素，在文件中有34835个}
property float x {顶点包含浮点坐标“x”，下同}
property float y
property float z
property float nx
property float ny
property float nz
element face 69666 {在文件里有69666个“face”（面片）}
property list uchar int vertex_indices
end_header {划定头部结尾}
0.006242 0.039472 0.033507 -1.34547 -4.89656 -1.80904 {顶点列表的开始}
0.007691 0.039029 0.032395 -2.35354 -5.66907 -0.381422
0.008423 0.038501 0.033018 -3.33184 -4.82115 -1.7236
…
3 0 1 2 {面片列表开始}
3 3 4 5
3 6 7 8
3 8 9 10
…
编写程序
1)获取到ply文件中顶点的个数和面片的个数
| fscanf(fp, "element vertex %d\n", &g_nVerticesNumber); j = 0; while (strcmp(type,"element")!=0) { fgets(strBuff, 256, fp); i = 0; while(strBuff[i]!='\0'&&strBuff[i]!=' '&&strBuff[i]!='\n') { type[i] = strBuff[i]; i++; } if (bStartPropertyCount&&strcmp(type,"property")==0) j++; else bStartPropertyCount = false; type[i] = '\0'; } sscanf(strBuff, "element face %d\n", &g_nFacesNumber); |
2)接下来逐行读取点坐标和法向量，这里的J为6
| //Read in the triangles for (i=0; i<g_nVerticesNumber; i++) { if (j==3) fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z); else if(j==6) fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z, &g_norm[i].x, &g_norm[i].y, &g_norm[i].z); else if (j==7) fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z, &g_color[i].x, &g_color[i].y, &g_color[i].z, &alpha); else if (j==10) fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z, &g_norm[i].x, &g_norm[i].y, &g_norm[i].z, &g_color[i].x, &g_color[i].y, &g_color[i].z, &alpha); else { printf("Warning: the viewer cann't read the colors of models\n"); exit(1); } GetMinMax(vMin, vMax, g_vet[i]); Normalize(g_norm[i]); } |
3)将法向量标准化
| void Normalize(VERTEX3D &v) { double length = sqrt(v.x*v.x+v.y*v.y+v.z*v.z); if(length!=0) { v.x = v.x/length; v.y = v.y/length; v.z = v.z/length; } } |
4)通过三角形面片绘制斯坦福兔子三维模型
| void DrawVertices() glNormal3f(g_norm[triPatch[i].A].x,g_norm[triPatch[i].A].y,g_norm[triPatch[i].A].z); glColor3f(g_color[triPatch[i].A].x,g_color[triPatch[i].A].y,g_color[triPatch[i].A].z); |
运行截图
参考代码
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
//声明结构体用于处理三维点云数据
typedef struct VERTEX_3D
{
float x;
float y;
float z;
} VERTEX3D;
//三角
typedef struct _TRIANGLE
{
int A;//Index of vertex 0
int B;//Index of vertex 1
int C;//Index of vertex 2
} TRIANGLE;
VERTEX3D *g_vet;
VERTEX3D *g_norm;
VERTEX3D *g_color;
TRIANGLE *triPatch;
float g_rotx = 20.0f, g_roty = 30.0f, g_rotz = 0.0f;
float g_modelPos[3] = {0, 0, -15.0f};
float g_scale = 10.0f;
const float g_lightPos[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f };
char g_strModelName[512] = "plant.ply"; /*Problem happens when left the [512] being empty []*/
int g_nVerticesNumber;//顶点数
int g_nFacesNumber;//面数
//归一化
void Normalize(VERTEX3D &v)
{
double length = sqrt(v.x*v.x+v.y*v.y+v.z*v.z);
if(length!=0)
{
v.x = v.x/length;
v.y = v.y/length;
v.z = v.z/length;
}
}
//获取最小最大值
void GetMinMax(VERTEX3D &vMin, VERTEX3D &vMax, VERTEX3D v)
{
if(v.x < vMin.x ) vMin.x = v.x;
if(v.y < vMin.y ) vMin.y = v.y;
if(v.z < vMin.z ) vMin.z = v.z;
if(v.x > vMax.x ) vMax.x = v.x;
if(v.y > vMax.y ) vMax.y = v.y;
if(v.z > vMax.z ) vMax.z = v.z;
}
//格式化几何图形
void FormatGeometry(VERTEX3D &v, VERTEX3D vMin, VERTEX3D vMax, float scale)
{
v.x = scale*(v.x - 0.5*(vMin.x + vMax.x));
v.y = scale*(v.y - 0.5*(vMin.y + vMax.y));
v.z = scale*(v.z - 0.5*(vMin.z + vMax.z));
}
//加载网格层
void LoadMeshPLY(char *FileName)
{
int i, j;
VERTEX3D vMin, vMax;
char strBuff[512];
char type[512] = "";
bool bStartPropertyCount = true;//开始属性计数
float alpha;
vMin.x = vMin.y = vMin.z = 99999.0;
vMax.x = vMax.y = vMax.z = -99999.0;
FILE* fp=fopen(FileName,"r");
if (fp==NULL)//文件不存在
{
printf("ERROR: unable to open model [%s]!\n",FileName);
exit(0);
}
//读文件
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
fscanf(fp, "element vertex %d\n", &g_nVerticesNumber);
j = 0;
while (strcmp(type,"element")!=0)
{
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
i = 0;
while(strBuff[i]!='\0'&&strBuff[i]!=' '&&strBuff[i]!='\n')
{
type[i] = strBuff[i];
i++;
}
if (bStartPropertyCount&&strcmp(type,"property")==0)
j++;
else
bStartPropertyCount = false;
type[i] = '\0';
}
sscanf(strBuff, "element face %d\n", &g_nFacesNumber);
printf("Number of Triangles: %d\n", g_nFacesNumber);
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);
//fgets(strBuff, 256, fp);多读的一点
//Allocate the triangle array
g_vet = new VERTEX3D[g_nVerticesNumber];
g_norm = new VERTEX3D[g_nVerticesNumber];
g_color = new VERTEX3D[g_nVerticesNumber];
triPatch = new TRIANGLE[g_nFacesNumber];
//Read in the triangles
for (i=0; i<g_nVerticesNumber; i++)
{
if (j==3)
fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z);
else if(j==6)
fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z, &g_norm[i].x, &g_norm[i].y, &g_norm[i].z);
else if (j==7)
fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z, &g_color[i].x, &g_color[i].y, &g_color[i].z, &alpha);
else if (j==10)
fscanf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f", &g_vet[i].x, &g_vet[i].y, &g_vet[i].z,
&g_norm[i].x, &g_norm[i].y, &g_norm[i].z,
&g_color[i].x, &g_color[i].y, &g_color[i].z, &alpha);
else
{
printf("Warning: the viewer cann't read the colors of models\n");
exit(1);
}
GetMinMax(vMin, vMax, g_vet[i]);
Normalize(g_norm[i]);
}
int tmp;
for (i=0; i<g_nFacesNumber; i++)
{
fscanf(fp, "%d %d %d %d",&tmp , &triPatch[i].A, &triPatch[i].B, &triPatch[i].C);
}
if((vMax.x - vMin.x) > (vMax.y-vMin.y))
{
if ((vMax.x - vMin.x) > (vMax.z - vMin.z))
g_scale = g_scale/(vMax.x - vMin.x);
else
g_scale = g_scale/(vMax.z - vMin.z);
}
else
{
if ((vMax.y - vMin.y) > (vMax.z - vMin.z))
g_scale = g_scale/(vMax.y - vMin.y);
else
g_scale = g_scale/(vMax.z - vMin.z);
}
for (i=0; i<g_nVerticesNumber; i++)
FormatGeometry(g_vet[i], vMin, vMax, g_scale);
fclose(fp);
}
//绘图顶点
void DrawVertices()
{
int i;
//glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glPointSize(2.0);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
for(i=0;i<g_nFacesNumber;i++)
{
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
//glBegin();创建元素的类型，比如：点，线等。
//GL_POINTS：把每个顶点作为一个点进行处理，顶点n定义了点n，绘制N个点。
//GL_LINES： 把每个顶点作为一个独立的线段，顶点2n-1和2n之间定义了n条线段，绘制N/2条线段
//GL_LINE_STRIP：绘制从第一个顶点到最后一个顶点依次相连的一组线段，第n和n+1个顶点定义了线段n，绘制n-1条线段。
//GL_LINE_LOOP： 绘制从第一个顶点到最后一个顶点依次相连的一组线段，然后最后一个顶点和第一个顶点相连，第n和n+1个顶点定义了线段n，绘制n条线段。
//GL_TRIANGLES： 把每个顶点作为一个独立的三角形，顶点3n-2，3n-1和3n定义了第n个三角形，绘制了N/3个三角形。
//GL_TRIANGLE_STPIP：绘制一组相连的三角形，对于奇数n，顶点n，n+1，和n+2定义了第n个三角形；对于偶数n，顶点n+1，n和n+2定义了第n个三角形，绘制N-2个三角 形。
//GL_QUADS: 绘制由四个顶点组成的一组单独的四边形。顶点4n-3，4n-2，4n-1和4n定义了第n个四边形。绘制了N/4个四边形。
//GL_QUAD_STRIP：绘制一组相连的四边形。每个四边形是由一对顶点及其后给定的一对顶点共同确定的。顶点2n-1，2n，2n+2和2n+1定义了第n个四边形，绘制了N/2-1个 四边形。
//GL_POLYGON： 绘制了一个凸多边形。顶点1到n定义了这个多边形。
glNormal3f(g_norm[triPatch[i].A].x,g_norm[triPatch[i].A].y,g_norm[triPatch[i].A].z);
glNormal3f(g_norm[triPatch[i].B].x,g_norm[triPatch[i].B].y,g_norm[triPatch[i].B].z);
glNormal3f(g_norm[triPatch[i].C].x,g_norm[triPatch[i].C].y,g_norm[triPatch[i].C].z);
glColor3f(g_color[triPatch[i].A].x,g_color[triPatch[i].A].y,g_color[triPatch[i].A].z);
glColor3f(g_color[triPatch[i].B].x,g_color[triPatch[i].B].y,g_color[triPatch[i].B].z);
glColor3f(g_color[triPatch[i].C].x,g_color[triPatch[i].C].y,g_color[triPatch[i].C].z);
glVertex3f(g_vet[triPatch[i].A].x,g_vet[triPatch[i].A].y,g_vet[triPatch[i].A].z);
glVertex3f(g_vet[triPatch[i].B].x,g_vet[triPatch[i].B].y,g_vet[triPatch[i].B].z);
glVertex3f(g_vet[triPatch[i].C].x,g_vet[triPatch[i].C].y,g_vet[triPatch[i].C].z);
glEnd();
}
//glEnd();
}
static void resize(int width, int height)
{
const float ar = (float) width / (float) height;
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);//0,0指定了窗口的左下角位置。
//width,height表示视口矩形的宽度和高度，根据窗口的实时变化重绘窗口。
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//将当前矩阵指定为投影矩阵
glLoadIdentity();//把矩阵设为单位矩阵
gluPerspective(45, ar, 1.0, 100.0);//指定要观察的视景体在世界坐标系中的具体大小
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);//指定当前要操作的矩阵， GL_MODELVIEW模型视图
glLoadIdentity() ;
}
static void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity() ;
glTranslatef(g_modelPos[0], g_modelPos[1], g_modelPos[2]);
//定义一个平移矩阵，该矩阵与当前矩阵相乘，使后续的图形相对与当前所在的屏幕位置。进行平移变换。
glRotatef(g_rotx, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(g_roty, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(g_rotz, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
DrawVertices();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
static void key(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
switch (key)
{
case 27 ://ASCLL表'ESC'
exit(0);
break;
case 'w':
g_rotx += 5;
break;
case 's':
g_rotx -= 5;
break;
case 'a':
g_roty += 5;
break;
case 'd':
g_roty -= 5;
break;
case 'q':
g_rotz += 5;
break;
case 'e':
g_rotz -= 5;
break;
case 'z':
g_modelPos[2] += 1;
break;
case 'x':
g_modelPos[2] -= 1;
break;
}
glutPostRedisplay();//重绘图像，否则图像只有响应鼠标或键盘消息时才会更新图像。
}
static void idle(void)
{
glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);//初始化GLUT
glutInitWindowSize(640,480);//定义窗口大小
glutInitWindowPosition(10,10);//定义窗口位置
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
printf("Tips: use 'w', 's', 'a', 'd', 'z', 'x', 'q', 'e' keys to control the model\n");
if(argc<2)
{
printf("Input the file name (without postfix e.g. .ply) of points:");
scanf("%s", g_strModelName);
strcat(g_strModelName, ".ply");
}
else
{
printf("%s\n", argv[1]);
strcpy(g_strModelName, argv[1]);
}
glutCreateWindow("PLY Model Viewer");//创建窗口("窗口标题")
glutReshapeFunc(resize);//自适应屏幕窗口大小的改变
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(key);
glutIdleFunc(idle);
glClearColor(0.2, 0.55,1.0,1);//设置好清除颜色
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, g_lightPos);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
printf("Loading \"%s\"...\n", g_strModelName);
LoadMeshPLY(g_strModelName);
glutMainLoop();//使程序进入事件处理循环。该函数必须是main主函数的最后一条语句。
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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