C++基础知识

类

构造函数
析构函数
成员变量
成员函数

类的定义

#ifndef HUMAN_HUMAN_H
#define HUMAN_HUMAN_H

#include <iostream>

namespace avdance{

    class Human{

    public:
        Human(){
            std::cout <<"construct human..." << std::endl;
            age = 0;
            sex = 0;
        };

        ~Human(){
            std::cout <<"destruct human..."<< std::endl;
        }

    public:
        void setAge(int age);
        int getAge();

        void setSex(int sex);
        int getSex();

    private:
        int age; //
        int sex; //0:male 1:female
    };
}//namespace avdance

#endif //HUMAN_HUMAN_H

#include "Human.h"

namespace avdance{

    void Human::setAge(int a){
        age = a;
    }

    int Human::getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    void Human::setSex(int s){
        sex = s;
    }

    int Human::getSex(){
        return sex;
    }
}//namespace avdance

类的使用

#include <iostream>
#include "Human.h"

using namespace avdance;

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    //Human human;
    Human* human = new Human();
    human->setAge(20);
    human->setSex(1);

    std::cout << "human:" << human->getAge() << "," << human->getSex() << std::endl;
}

类的继承

#ifndef AIRPLANE_AIRPLANE_H
#define AIRPLANE_AIRPLANE_H

#include <iostream>

namespace avdance{

    class AirPlane{
    public:
        AirPlane(){
            wings = 2;
            wheels = 3;
            engines = 1;
        }
        ~AirPlane(){ }

    public:
        void setWings(int w);
        int getWings();

        void setWheels(int w);
        int getWheels();

        void setEngines(int e);
        int getEngines();

    public:
        void fly();

    private:
        int wings;
        int wheels;
        int engines;
    };
}//namespace avdance
#endif //AIRPLANE_AIRPLANE_H

#include <iostream>
#include "AirPlane.h"

namespace avdance{

    void AirPlane::setWings(int w) {
        wings = w;
    }

    int AirPlane::getWings(){
        return wings;
    }

    void AirPlane::setWheels(int w) {
        wheels = w;
    }

    int AirPlane::getWheels() {
        return wheels;
    }

    void AirPlane::setEngines(int e) {
        engines = e;
    }

    int AirPlane::getEngines() {
        return engines;
    }

    void AirPlane::fly() {
        std::cout << "fly..." << std::endl;
    }
}

#ifndef AIRPLANE_FIGHTERPLANE_H
#define AIRPLANE_FIGHTERPLANE_H

#include <iostream>
#include "AirPlane.h"

namespace avdance{

    class FighterPlane: public AirPlane{
    public:
        FighterPlane(){
            weapons = 1;
        }

        ~FighterPlane(){};

    public:
        void setWeapons(int w);
        int getWeapons();

    private:
        int weapons;
    };

}//namespace avdance

#endif //AIRPLANE_FIGHTERPLANE_H

#include <iostream>
#include "FighterPlane.h"

namespace avdance{

    void FighterPlane::setWeapons(int w){
        weapons = w;
    }

    int FighterPlane::getWeapons() {
        return weapons;
    }
}//namespace avdance

#include <iostream>
#include "FighterPlane.h"

int main(int argc,char* argv[]) {

    avdance::FighterPlane fp;

    fp.setWings(5);
    fp.setWheels(3);
    fp.setWeapons(10);

    std::cout << "FighterPlane:" << fp.getWings() << ","
                                 << fp.getWheels() << ","
                                 << fp.getWeapons() << "." << std::endl;
}

多态

多态指同样的方法被不同的子类执行时有不同的行为
虚函数的作用
虚析构函数的作用
纯虚函数和抽象类
接口类