【论文阅读】Attention Based Spatial-Temporal GCN...Traffic Flow Forecasting[基于注意力的时空图卷积网络交通流预测](2)

【论文阅读】Attention Based Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting[基于注意力的时空图卷积网络交通流预测](2)

原文地址:https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/3881
原文代码地址:https://github.com/ wanhuaiyu/ASTGCN


3.Preliminaries(准备工作)

In this study, we define a traffic network as an undirected graph G = ( V , E , A ) G=(V,E,\textbf A) G=(V,E,A), as shown in Fig. 2(a), where V V V is a finite set of ∣ V ∣ = N |V|=N V=N nodes; E E E is a set of edges, indicating the connectivity between the nodes; A ∈ R N × N \textbf A∈\R^{N×N} ARN×N denotes the adjacency matrix of graph G G G . Each node on the traffic network G G G detects F F F measurements with the same sampling frequency, that is, each node generates a feature vector of length F F F at each time slice, as shown by the solid lines in Fig. 2(b).
在本文中,我们将交通网络定义为无向图 G = ( V , E , A ) G=(V,E,\textbf A) G=(V,E,A) ,如图2(a)所示,其中 V V V ∣ V ∣ = N |V|=N V=N 个节点的有限集; E E E 是边的集合,表示节点之间的连通性; A ∈ R N × N \textbf A∈\R^{N×N} ARN×N 表示图 G G G 的邻接矩阵。交通网络 G G G 上的每个节点以相同的采样频率检测 F F F 测量值,即每个节点在每个时间片上生成长度为 F F F 的特征向量,如图2(b)实线所示。


Figure 2: (a) The spatial-temporal structure of traffic data, where the data at each time slice forms a graph; (b) Three measurements are detected on a node and the future traffic flow is the forecasting target. Here, all measurements are normalized to [0,1].
图2: (a) 交通数据的时空结构,每个时间片的数据构成一个图; (b) 在一个节点上检测到三个测量值,未来的交通流是预测目标。在这里,所有测量值都归一化为 [0,1]。


Traffic Flow Forecasting(交通流预测)

Suppose the f f f-th time series recorded on each node in the traffic network G G G is the traffic flow sequence, and f ∈ ( 1 , … , F ) f∈(1,…,F) f(1,,F) . We use x t c , i ∈ R x_t^{c,i}∈\mathbb R xtc,iR to denote the value of the c c c-th feature of node i i i at time t t t , and x t i ∈ R F \textbf x_t^i∈\mathbb R^F xtiRF denotes the values of all the features of node i i i at time t t t . X t = ( x t 1 , x t 2 , … , x t N ) T ∈ R N × F \textbf X_t=(\textbf x_t^1,\textbf x_t^2,…,\textbf x_t^N)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×F} Xt=(xt1,xt2,,xtN)TRN×F denotes the values of all the features of all the nodes at time t t t . X = ( X 1 , X 2 , … , X τ ) T ∈ R N × F × τ \mathcal X=(\textbf X_1,\textbf X_2,…,\textbf X_τ)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×F×τ} X=(X1,X2,,Xτ)TRN×F×τ denotes the value of all the features of all the nodes over τ τ τ time slices. In addition, we set y t i = x t f , i ∈ R y_t^i=x_t^{f,i}∈\mathbb R yti=xtf,iR to represent the traffic flow of node i i i at time t t t in the future.
设交通网络 G G G 中每个节点上记录的 f f f 个时间序列为交通流序列, f ∈ ( 1 , … , F ) f∈(1,…,F) f(1,,F) 。我们用 x t c , i ∈ R x_t^{c,i}∈\mathbb R xtc,iR 表示节点 i i i 在时刻 t t t 的第 c c c 个特征的值, x t i ∈ R F \textbf x_t^i∈\mathbb R^F xtiRF 表示节点 i i i 在时刻 t t t 的所有特征的值。 X t = ( x t 1 , x t 2 , … , x t N ) T ∈ R N × F \textbf X_t=(\textbf x_t^1,\textbf x_t^2,…,\textbf x_t^N)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×F} Xt=(xt1,xt2,,xtN)TRN×F 表示时刻 t t t 时所有节点的所有特征值。 X = ( X 1 , X 2 , … , X τ ) T ∈ R N × F × τ \mathcal X=(\textbf X_1,\textbf X_2,…,\textbf X_τ)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×F×τ} X=(X1,X2,,Xτ)TRN×F×τ 表示所有节点在 τ τ τ 时间切片上的所有特征值。另外,我们设 y t i = x t f , i ∈ R y_t^i=x_t^{f,i}∈\mathbb R yti=xtf,iR 表示节点 i i i 在未来时刻 t t t 的交通流。

Problem. Given X \mathcal X X , all kinds of the historical measurements of all the nodes on the traffic network over past τ time slices, predict future traffic flow sequences Y = ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y N ) T ∈ R N × T p \textbf Y=(\textbf y^1,\textbf y^2,…,\textbf y^N)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×T_p} Y=(y1,y2,,yN)TRN×Tp of all the nodes on the whole traffic network over the next T p T_p Tp time slices, where y i ∈ ( y τ + 1 i , y τ + 2 i , … , y τ + T p i ) ∈ R T p \textbf y^i∈(y_{τ+1}^i,y_{τ+2}^i,…,y_{τ+T_p}^i)∈\mathbb R^{T_p} yi(yτ+1i,yτ+2i,,yτ+Tpi)RTp denotes the future traffic flow of node i i i from τ + 1 τ+1 τ+1 .
问题. 给定 X \mathcal X X ,交通网络上所有节点在 τ τ τ 时间切片上的所有历史测量值,预测整个交通网络上所有节点在下一个 T p T_p Tp 时间切片上的未来交通流序列 Y = ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y N ) T ∈ R N × T p \textbf Y=(\textbf y^1,\textbf y^2,…,\textbf y^N)^T∈\mathbb R^{N×T_p} Y=(y1,y2,,yN)TRN×Tp ,其中 y i ∈ ( y τ + 1 i , y τ + 2 i , … , y τ + T p i ) ∈ R T p \textbf y^i∈(y_{τ+1}^i,y_{τ+2}^i,…,y_{τ+T_p}^i)∈\mathbb R^{T_p} yi(yτ+1i,yτ+2i,,yτ+Tpi)RTp 表示节点 i i i τ + 1 τ+1 τ+1 开始的未来交通流量。

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