Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks （faster rcnn 论文翻译）

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英文版论文原文：https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02325.pdf

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Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks

Shaoqing Ren,Kaiming He,Dumitru Erhan,Ross Girshick&Jian Sun`

Abstract

最新的物体检测网络依靠区域提议算法来假设物体的位置。 SPPnet [1]和Fast R-CNN [2]之类的进步减少了这些检测网络的运行时间，暴露了区域提议计算的瓶颈。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一个区域提议网络（RPN），该区域提议网络与检测网络共享全图像卷积特征，从而实现几乎免费的区域提议。 RPN是一个完全卷积的网络，可以同时预测每个位置的对象边界和对象得分。对RPN进行了端到端的培训，以生成高质量的区域建议，Fast R-CNN将其用于检测。通过共享RPN和Fast R-CNN的卷积特征，我们将RPN和Fast R-CNN进一步合并为一个网络-使用最近流行的带有“注意力”机制的神经网络术语，RPN组件告诉统一网络要看的地方。对于非常深的VGG-16模型[3]，我们的检测系统在GPU上具有5fps（包括所有步骤）的帧频，同时在PASCAL VOC 2007、2012和2007上达到了最新的对象检测精度。 MS COCO数据集，每个图像仅包含300个建议。在ILSVRC和COCO 2015竞赛中，Faster R-CNN和RPN是多个赛道中第一名获胜作品的基础。代码已公开提供。

State-of-the-art object detection networks depend on region proposal algorithms to hypothesize object locations. Advances like SPPnet [1] and Fast R-CNN [2] have reduced the running time of these detection networks, exposing region proposal computation as a bottleneck. In this work, we introduce a Region Proposal Network (RPN) that shares full-image convolutional features with the detection network, thus enabling nearly cost-free region proposals. An RPN is a fully convolutional network that simultaneously predicts object bounds and objectness scores at each position. The RPN is trained end-to-end to generate high-quality region proposals, which are used by Fast R-CNN for detection. We further merge RPN and Fast R-CNN into a single network by sharing their convolutional features—using the recently popular terminology of neural networks with “attention” mechanisms, the RPN component tells the unified network where to look. For the very deep VGG-16 model [3], our detection system has a frame rate of 5fps (including all steps) on a GPU, while achieving state-of-the-art object detection accuracy on PASCAL VOC 2007, 2012, and MS COCO datasets with only 300 proposals per image. In ILSVRC and COCO 2015 competitions, Faster R-CNN and RPN are the foundations of the 1st-place winning entries in several tracks. Code has been made publicly available.

1 INTRODUCTION

区域提议方法（例如[4]）和基于区域的卷积神经网络（R-CNN）[5]的成功推动了目标检测的最新进展。 尽管基于区域的CNN在计算上很昂贵，如最初在[5]中开发的，但由于在提案[1]，[2]之间共享卷积，因此其成本已大大降低。 最新的化身，快速R-CNN [2]，在忽略区域提案花费的时间时，使用非常深的网络[3]实现了接近实时的速度。 现在，建议是最先进的检测系统中的测试时间计算瓶颈。

Recent advances in object detection are driven by the success of region proposal methods (e.g., [4]) and region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) [5]. Although region-based CNNs were computationally expensive as originally developed in [5], their cost has been drastically reduced thanks to sharing convolutions across proposals [1], [2]. The latest incarnation, Fast R-CNN [2], achieves near real-time rates using very deep networks [3], when ignoring the time spent on region proposals. Now, proposals are the test-time computational bottleneck in state-of-the-art detection systems.

区域提议方法通常依赖于便宜的功能和经济的推理方案。 选择性搜索[4]是最流行的方法之一，它根据工程化的底层特征贪婪地合并超像素。 然而，与高效的检测网络相比[2]，选择性搜索的速度要慢一个数量级，在CPU实现中每张图像2秒。 EdgeBoxes [6]当前提供建议质量和速度之间的最佳权衡，每张图像0.2秒。 尽管如此，区域提议步骤仍然消耗与检测网络一样多的运行时间。

Region proposal methods typically rely on inexpensive features and economical inference schemes. Selective Search [4], one of the most popular methods, greedily merges superpixels based on engineered low-level features. Yet when compared to efficient detection networks [2], Selective Search is an order of magnitude slower, at 2 seconds per image in a CPU implementation. EdgeBoxes [6] currently provides the best tradeoff