C++结构体

结构体定义和使用

语法：struct 结构体名 { 结构体成员列表 }；

通过结构体创建变量的方式有三种：

• struct 结构体名 变量名
• struct 结构体名 变量名 = { 成员1值 ， 成员2值…}
• 定义结构体时顺便创建变量

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
}stu3;
// 方式3：定义了一个结构体变量名为stu3
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    // 方式1：定义结构体变量
    student stu1;
    stu1.name = "liming";
    stu1.age = 24;
    cout<<stu1.name<<"   "<<stu1.age<<endl;

    // 方式2：定义了结构体变量
    student stu2 = {"wanglei",24};
    cout<<stu2.name<<"   "<<stu2.age<<endl;
}

结构体指针

作用：通过指针访问结构体中的成员

• 利用操作符 ->可以通过结构体指针访问结构体属性

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
};
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    student stu1;
    student* ptr_stu1 = &stu1;
    ptr_stu1->name = "liming";
    ptr_stu1->age = 24;
    cout<<ptr_stu1->name<<"   "<<ptr_stu1->age<<endl;
}

结构体嵌套结构体

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};
struct teacher
{
    string name;
    int age;
    student stu;
};
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    teacher t1;
    t1.name = "wanghong";
    t1.age = 45;
    t1.stu.name = "liming";
    t1.stu.age = 24;
    t1.stu.score = 100;
    cout<<"the score of "<<t1.stu.name<<" is "<<t1.stu.score<<endl;
}

结构体作函数参数

作用：将结构体作为参数向函数中传递

传递方式有两种：

• 值传递
• 地址传递

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};
void value_transmit(student stu1)
{
    stu1.score = 60;
    cout<<"the score of "<<stu1.name<<" is "<<stu1.score<<endl;
    return;
}
void add_transmit(student* stu1)
{
    stu1->score = 60;
    cout<<"the score of "<<stu1->name<<" is "<<stu1->score<<endl;
    return;
}
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    student stu1;
    stu1.name = "liming";
    stu1.score = 100;
    stu1.age = 20;
    cout<<"the score of "<<stu1.name<<" is "<<stu1.score<<endl;
    value_transmit(stu1);
    cout<<"the score of "<<stu1.name<<" is "<<stu1.score<<endl;
    add_transmit(&stu1);
    cout<<"the score of "<<stu1.name<<" is "<<stu1.score<<endl;
}