016 gtsam/examples/OdometryExample.cpp

一、问题的定义和include files

/**
 * Example of a simple 2D localization example
 *  - Robot poses are facing along the X axis (horizontal, to the right in 2D)
 *  - The robot moves 2 meters each step
 *  - We have full odometry between poses
 */

// We will use Pose2 variables (x, y, theta) to represent the robot positions
#include <gtsam/geometry/Pose2.h>

// In GTSAM, measurement functions are represented as 'factors'. Several common factors
// have been provided with the library for solving robotics/SLAM/Bundle Adjustment problems.
// Here we will use Between factors for the relative motion described by odometry measurements.
// Also, we will initialize the robot at the origin using a Prior factor.
#include <gtsam/slam/BetweenFactor.h>

// When the factors are created, we will add them to a Factor Graph. As the factors we are using
// are nonlinear factors, we will need a Nonlinear Factor Graph.
#include <gtsam/nonlinear/NonlinearFactorGraph.h>

// Finally, once all of the factors have been added to our factor graph, we will want to
// solve/optimize to graph to find the best (Maximum A Posteriori) set of variable values.
// GTSAM includes several nonlinear optimizers to perform this step. Here we will use the
// Levenberg-Marquardt solver
#include <gtsam/nonlinear/LevenbergMarquardtOptimizer.h>

// Once the optimized values have been calculated, we can also calculate the marginal covariance
// of desired variables
#include <gtsam/nonlinear/Marginals.h>

// The nonlinear solvers within GTSAM are iterative solvers, meaning they linearize the
// nonlinear functions around an initial linearization point, then solve the linear system
// to update the linearization point. This happens repeatedly until the solver converges
// to a consistent set of variable values. This requires us to specify an initial guess
// for each variable, held in a Values container.
#include <gtsam/nonlinear/Values.h>

二、main function

创建因子图

  // Create an empty nonlinear factor graph
  NonlinearFactorGraph graph;

先验位姿

  // Add a prior on the first pose, setting it to the origin
  // A prior factor consists of a mean and a noise model (covariance matrix)
  Pose2 priorMean(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);  // prior at origin
  auto priorNoise = noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas(Vector3(0.3, 0.3, 0.1));
  graph.addPrior(1, priorMean, priorNoise);

添加里程计信息

  // Add odometry factors
  Pose2 odometry(2.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  // For simplicity, we will use the same noise model for each odometry factor
  auto odometryNoise = noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas(Vector3(0.2, 0.2, 0.1));
  // Create odometry (Between) factors between consecutive poses
  graph.emplace_shared<BetweenFactor<Pose2> >(1, 2, odometry, odometryNoise);
  graph.emplace_shared<BetweenFactor<Pose2> >(2, 3, odometry, odometryNoise);
  graph.print("\nFactor Graph:\n");  // print

初始的估计值

  // Create the data structure to hold the initialEstimate estimate to the solution
  // For illustrative purposes, these have been deliberately set to incorrect values
  Values initial;
  initial.insert(1, Pose2(0.5, 0.0, 0.2));
  initial.insert(2, Pose2(2.3, 0.1, -0.2));
  initial.insert(3, Pose2(4.1, 0.1, 0.1));
  initial.print("\nInitial Estimate:\n");  // print

优化

  // optimize using Levenberg-Marquardt optimization
  Values result = LevenbergMarquardtOptimizer(graph, initial).optimize();
  result.print("Final Result:\n");

输出协方差矩阵

  // Calculate and print marginal covariances for all variables
  cout.precision(2);
  Marginals marginals(graph, result);
  cout << "x1 covariance:\n" << marginals.marginalCovariance(1) << endl;
  cout << "x2 covariance:\n" << marginals.marginalCovariance(2) << endl;
  cout << "x3 covariance:\n" << marginals.marginalCovariance(3) << endl;

  return 0;