爆改YOLOv8 |YOLOv8融合Mamba注意力机制MLLA

1，本文介绍

Mamba-Like Linear Attention (MLLA)是一种模型，结合了Mamba和线性注意力Transformer的优点，旨在提高模型在视觉任务中的性能。

1. 线性注意力：

   • 线性注意力是一种注意力机制，用于计算输入序列中各个位置之间的关联性。与传统的Softmax注意力不同，线性注意力使用线性归一化代替非线性Softmax函数，从而降低计算复杂度。这使得线性注意力的计算复杂度从O(N^2)降低到O(N)，提高了效率。

2. Mamba模型：

   • Mamba是一种基于状态空间的模型，具有线性计算复杂度。它通过有效地建模序列来处理长序列，适用于自然语言处理和视觉识别任务。

3. MLLA的数学原理：

   • MLLA模型将Mamba的关键设计元素（如遗忘门和块设计）与线性注意力Transformer相结合。在数学上，这意味着将Mamba的状态空间建模方法与线性注意力的位置关联性计算相结合，以提高模型的表现。

4. 遗忘门的替代：

   • 在MLLA中，遗忘门通常被替代为适当的位置编码。这些位置编码可以在视觉任务中代替遗忘门的功能，同时保持模型的并行计算和快速推理速度。

5. 核心设计元素的整合：

   • MLLA模型的关键设计元素包括遗忘门和块设计。通过将这些设计元素整合到线性注力中，MLLA模型能够在图像分类和密集预测任务中取得优越性

关于MLLA的详细介绍可以看论文:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.16605

本文将讲解如何将MLLA融合进yolov8

话不多说，上代码！

2 将MLLA融合进yolov8

2.1 步骤一

首先找到如下的目录'ultralytics/nn'，然后在这个目录下创建一个'Addmodules'文件夹，然后在这个目录下创建一个MLLA.py文件，文件名字可以根据你自己的习惯起，然后将MLLA的核心代码复制进去。

# MLLA的核心代码
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Swin Transformer
# Copyright (c) 2021 Microsoft
# Licensed under The MIT License [see LICENSE for details]
# Written by Ze Liu
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Demystify Mamba in Vision: A Linear Attention Perspective
# Modified by Dongchen Han
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
 
__all__ = ['MLLAttention']
 
class Mlp(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        return x
 
 
class ConvLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=0, dilation=1, groups=1,
                 bias=True, dropout=0, norm=nn.BatchNorm2d, act_func=nn.ReLU):
        super(ConvLayer, self).__init__()
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout2d(dropout, inplace=False) if dropout > 0 else None
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels,
            out_channels,
            kernel_size=(kernel_size, kernel_size),
            stride=(stride, stride),
            padding=(padding, padding),
            dilation=(dilation, dilation),
            groups=groups,
            bias=bias,
        )
        self.norm = norm(num_features=out_channels) if norm else None
        self.act = act_func() if act_func else None
 
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        if self.dropout is not None:
            x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.conv(x)
        if self.norm:
            x = self.norm(x)
        if self.act:
            x = self.act(x)
        return x
 
 
class RoPE(torch.nn.Module):
    r"""Rotary Positional Embedding.
    """
 
    def __init__(self, base=10000):
        super(RoPE, self).__init__()
        self.base = base
 
    def generate_rotations(self, x):
        # 获取输入张量的形状
        *channel_dims, feature_dim = x.shape[1:-1][0], x.shape[-1]
        k_max = feature_dim // (2 * len(channel_dims))
 
        assert feature_dim % k_max == 0, "Feature dimension must be divisible by 2 * k_max"
 
        # 生成角度
        theta_ks = 1 / (self.base ** (torch.arange(k_max, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device) / k_max))
        angles = torch.cat([t.unsqueeze(-1) * theta_ks for t in
                            torch.meshgrid([torch.arange(d, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device) for d in channel_dims],
                                           indexing='ij')], dim=-1)
 
        # 计算旋转矩阵的实部和虚部
        rotations_re = torch.cos(angles).unsqueeze(dim=-1)
        rotations_im = torch.sin(angles).unsqueeze(dim=-1)
        rotations = torch.cat([rotations_re, rotations_im], dim=-1)
 
        return rotations
 
    def forward(self, x):
        # 生成旋转矩阵
        rotations = self.generate_rotations(x)
 
        # 将 x 转换为复数形式
        x_complex = torch.view_as_complex(x.reshape(*x.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
 
        # 应用旋转矩阵
        pe_x = torch.view_as_complex(rotations) * x_complex
 
        # 将结果转换回实数形式并展平最后两个维度
        return torch.view_as_real(pe_x).flatten(-2)
 
 
class MLLAttention(nn.Module):
    r""" Linear Attention with LePE and RoPE.
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
    """
 
    def __init__(self, dim=3, input_resolution=[160, 160], num_heads=4, qkv_bias=True, **kwargs):
 
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.qk = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 2, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.elu = nn.ELU()
        self.lepe = nn.Conv2d(dim, dim, 3, padding=1, groups=dim)
        self.rope = RoPE()
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        Args:
            x: input features with shape of (B, N, C)
        """
        x = x.reshape((x.size(0), x.size(2) * x.size(3), x.size(1)))
        b, n, c = x.shape
        h = int(n ** 0.5)
        w = int(n ** 0.5)
        # self.rope = RoPE(shape=(h, w, self.dim))
        num_heads = self.num_heads
        head_dim = c // num_heads
 
        qk = self.qk(x).reshape(b, n, 2, c).permute(2, 0, 1, 3)
        q, k, v = qk[0], qk[1], x
        # q, k, v: b, n, c
 
        q = self.elu(q) + 1.0
        k = self.elu(k) + 1.0
        q_rope = self.rope(q.reshape(b, h, w, c)).reshape(b, n, num_heads, head_dim).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        k_rope = self.rope(k.reshape(b, h, w, c)).reshape(b, n, num_heads, head_dim).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        q = q.reshape(b, n, num_heads, head_dim).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        k = k.reshape(b, n, num_heads, head_dim).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        v = v.reshape(b, n, num_heads, head_dim).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
 
        z = 1 / (q @ k.mean(dim=-2, keepdim=True).transpose(-2, -1) + 1e-6)
        kv = (k_rope.transpose(-2, -1) * (n ** -0.5)) @ (v * (n ** -0.5))
        x = q_rope @ kv * z
 
        x = x.transpose(1, 2).reshape(b, n, c)
        v = v.transpose(1, 2).reshape(b, h, w, c).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        x = x + self.lepe(v).permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(b, n, c)
        x = x.transpose(2, 1).reshape((b, c, h, w))
        return x
 
    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return f'dim={self.dim}, num_heads={self.num_heads}'
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Generating Sample image
    image_size = (1, 64, 160, 160)
    image = torch.rand(*image_size)
 
    # Model
    model = MLLAttention(64)
 
    out = model(image)
    print(out.size())

第二步我们在该目录（Addmodules)下创建一个新的py文件名字为'__init__.py'，然后在其内部添加如下代码。

最终结果如下图标注所示

2.2 步骤二

在task.py中进行导入，如下图所示

2.3 步骤三

在task.py的parse_model函数中添加如下代码

2.4 步骤四

找到ultralytics/models/yolo/detect/train.py的DetectionTrainer class中的build_dataset函数中的rect=mode == 'val'改为rect=False

到此注册成功,复制后面的yaml文件直接运行即可

yaml文件

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
 
# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOP
 
# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]]  # 9
 
# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12
 
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 15 (P3/8-small)
 
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 18 (P4/16-medium)
 
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 21 (P5/32-large)
  - [-1, 1, MLLAttention, []]  # 22 (P5/32-large) # 添加在大目标检测层后！
 
  - [[15, 18, 22], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

# 关于MLLA添加的位置还可以放在每个检测头的前面，也可以放在骨干网络的后面

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