C#基础-调试和错误处理

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Demo12
{
   //调试
   //调试模式和非调试模式
   //vs允许配置生成两种应用程序：调试和发布

    //WriteLine()函数  可以把文本输出到控制台
    //Debug.WriteLine()/Trace.WriteLine(）
    //两个命令函数用法几乎相同，区别在于第一个命令仅在调试模式下运行，第二个命令还可用于发布程序
    //与WriteLine不同的是唯一的字符串参数用于输出消息，而不需要使用{X}语法插入变量值，必须使用+串联运算符等方式在字符串中插入变量值

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] testArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, };
            int maxVal = Maxima(testArray, out int[] maxValIndices);
            Console.WriteLine($"Maximum value {maxVal} found at element indices:");
            foreach(int index in maxValIndices)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(index);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        static int Maxima(int[] integers,out int[] indices)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("Maximum value search started:");
            indices = new int[1];
            int maxVal = integers[0];
            indices[0]= 0;
            int count = 1;

            Debug.WriteLine(string.Format($"Maximum value initinaized to {maxVal},at element index 0."));
            for(int i = 1; i < integers.Length; i++)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine(string.Format($"Now looking at element at index{i}."));
                if (integers[i] > maxVal)
                {
                    maxVal = integers[i];
                    count = 1;
                    indices = new int[1];
                    indices[0] = i;
                    Debug.WriteLine(string.Format($"New maximum found. New value is {maxVal},at" + $"element index {i}."));
                }
                else
                {
                    if (integers[i] == maxVal)
                    {
                        count++;
                        int[] oldIndices = indices;
                        indices = new int[count];
                        oldIndices.CopyTo(indices, 0);
                        indices[count-1] = i;
                        Debug.WriteLine(string.Format($"Duplicate maximum found at element index {i}"));
                    }
                }
            }
            Trace.WriteLine(string.Format($"Maximum value {maxVal} found,with{count} occurrences."));
            Debug.WriteLine("Maximum value search completed");
            return maxVal;
        }
    }

    //跟踪点
    //把光标放在要插入代码行，单击左侧行号侧边栏，会出现一个红色圆，选中Actions复选框，单击OK按钮


    //中断模式
    //单击IDE中的pause按钮，也可以手动控制中断
    //暂停应用程序的执行，进入中断模式。完全停止应用程序的执行。重新启动应用程序

    //断点
    //遇到断点，会立即进入中断模式  /  如果布尔表达式的值为true就进入中断模式/   遇到断点一定的次数后会进入中断模式

    //进入断点的其他方式
    //Debug.Assert(); 编译 / trace.assert(); 发布

    //监视变量
    //在中断模式下，使鼠标指向源代码中的变量名，显示该变量的信息


    //错误处理


    //异常是在运行期间代码中产生的错误，或者由代码调用的函数产生的错误

    //try...catch...finally
    //try  包含抛出异常的代码
    //catch  包含抛出异常时要执行的代码
    //finally  包含始终会执行的代码，如果发生异常会在catch块后执行，如果没有异常会在try块之后执行

    class Program1
    {
        static string[] eTypes = { "none", "simple", "index","nested index","filter" };
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            foreach(string eType in eTypes) 
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Main() try block rached.");
                    Console.WriteLine($"ThrowException(\"{eType}\" called.)");
                    ThrowException(eType);
                    Console.WriteLine("Main() try block continues");
                }catch(System.IndexOutOfRangeException e) when(eType == "filter")
                {
                    ConsoleColor BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
                    Console.WriteLine("Main() FILTERED System.IndexOutOfRangeException" + $"catch block reached. Message:\n\"{e.Message}\"");
                    object value = ResetColor();
                }catch(System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Main()  System.IndexOutOfRangeException catch" + $"block reached. Message:\n\"{e.Message}\"");
                }
                catch
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Main() general catch block reached.");
                }
                finally
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Main() finally block reached.");
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static object ResetColor()
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        static void ThrowException(string exceptionType)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"ThrowException(\"{exceptionType}\") reached.");
            switch(exceptionType)
            {
                case "none":
                    Console.WriteLine("Not throwing an exception.");
                    break;
                case "simple":
                    Console.WriteLine("Throwing system.Exception.");
                    break;
                case "index":
                    Console.WriteLine("Throwing System.IndexOutOfRangeException.");
                    eTypes[5] = "error";
                    break;
                case "nested index":
                    try
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"nested index\")" + "try block reached");
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"index\") called.");
                        ThrowException("index");
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"nested index\") general" + "try block reached");
                        throw;
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"nested index\") finally" + "try block reached");
                    }
                    break;
                case "filter":
                    try
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"filter\")" + "try block reached");
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"index\") called.");
                        ThrowException("index");
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("ThrowException(\"filter\") general" + "try block reached");
                        throw;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}