OpenCV笔记3：级联分类器实现人脸检测+绘制logo

OpenCV

人脸检测+绘制logo

1. 检测人脸
2. 绘制人脸区域
3. 绘制logo
   • 寻找轮廓
     • 二值图
     • 阈值
   • 绘制轮廓

"""
绘制logo
1. 检测人脸区域
    如何检测到人脸
    眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴、眉毛、下巴等
    级联的过程
    OpenCV、Mediapipe、YOLOFace、DBFace等
2. 把logo粘贴在人脸上方
"""
import cv2
import numpy as np


class FaceDetect:
    def __init__(self):
        # 级联分类器
        # 创建级联分类器，当前用于检测人脸
        classifier = cv2.CascadeClassifier()
        # 加载 特征文件
        classifier.load('./haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml')
        self.classifier = classifier
        # 初始化logo
        self.logo = cv2.imread('./fans.jpg')
        pass

    def capVideo(self):
        cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
        while cap.isOpened():
            # 读取一帧一帧的图像
            retval, frame = cap.read()
            if not retval:
                print('can not read frame')
                break
            # imshow 会默认创建一个窗口
            self.detect(frame)
            cv2.imshow('frame', frame)
            key = cv2.waitKey(25)
            if key == ord('z'):
                break
        cap.release()
        pass

    def detect(self, face_img):
        # 级联分类器检测人脸
        face_rects = self.classifier.detectMultiScale(face_img)
        # 绘制人脸区域
        for face_rect in face_rects:
            x, y, w, h = face_rect
            cv2.rectangle(face_img, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), color=(0, 0, 255), thickness=2)
            # self.drawLogo(face_rect, face_img)
            self.drawLogo2(face_rect, face_img)

    def drawLogo(self, face_rect, face_img):
        x, y, w, h = face_rect
        logo = self.logo
        ratio = min(logo.shape[:2]) / max(logo.shape[:2])
        scale_logo = cv2.resize(logo, dsize=(w, round(w * ratio)))
        scale_logo_h, scale_logo_w, _ = scale_logo.shape
        # 方式1：循环
        # for row in range(scale_logo_h):
        #     for col in range(scale_logo_w):
        #         face_img[y - scale_logo_h + row, x + col] = scale_logo[row, col]
        #         pass
        # 方式2：切片
        face_img[y - scale_logo_h:y, x:x + scale_logo_w] = scale_logo

    def drawLogo2(self, face_rect, face_img):
        """
        1. 找轮廓
            - 原图：三通道彩色图
            - 灰度图（0-255）
            - 黑白二值图（0/255）
        2. 绘制轮廓
            - 绘制在背景是白色的图
        :param face_rect:
        :param face_img:
        :return:
        """
        # 参数1 被转换的图像
        # 参数2 原图转为灰度图
        logo_gray = cv2.cvtColor(self.logo, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        # 转为二值图
        # 参数1 灰度图
        # 参数2 阈值 小于阈值为0
        # 参数3 大于阈值为maxval
        # 参数4 类型    cv2.THRESH_BINARY   cv2.THRESH_OTSU 会自适应阈值
        # retval, logo_binary = cv2.threshold(logo_gray, 100, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        retval, logo_binary = cv2.threshold(logo_gray, 100, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
        # 查找轮廓
        # 参数1 被查找的二值图
        # 参数2 轮廓存放的层级关系
        # 参数3 存放轮廓的方式   cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE 存放轮廓的拐角点
        contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(logo_binary, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
        # 创建一个黑色的背景图
        mask = np.zeros_like(self.logo)
        cv2.drawContours(mask, contours, 1, color=(255, 255, 255), thickness=-1)

        x, y, w, h = face_rect
        logo = self.logo
        ratio = min(logo.shape[:2]) / max(logo.shape[:2])
        scale_logo = cv2.resize(logo, dsize=(w, round(w * ratio)))
        scale_mask = cv2.resize(mask, dsize=(w, round(w * ratio)))
        scale_logo_h, scale_logo_w, _ = scale_logo.shape
        # 方式1：循环
        # for row in range(scale_logo_h):
        #     for col in range(scale_logo_w):
        #         if np.all(scale_mask[row, col] == 255):
        #             face_img[y - scale_logo_h + row, x + col] = scale_logo[row, col]
        # 方式2：切片
        idx = scale_mask == 255
        after_mask_logo = scale_logo[idx]
        face_img[y - scale_logo_h:y, x:x + scale_logo_w][idx] = after_mask_logo
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    face_img = cv2.imread('./lyf.png')
    face_detect = FaceDetect()
    # face_detect.capVideo()
    face_detect.detect(face_img)
    cv2.imshow('frame', face_img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

人脸原图

logo图

人脸检测+绘制logo效果图