Pytorch实现Vision Transformer

说明

Vision Transformer是基于Transformer提出来的用于CV的深度学习模型，效果十分的显著，在训练之前最好先下载预训练权重，利用迁移学习可以让训练效果更好。如果直接进行训练，效果可能会很差。

代码

'''
python3.7
-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
@Project -> File   ：pythonProject -> Vit
@IDE    ：PyCharm
@Author ：
@USER: 
@Date   ：2022/3/22 09:22:29
@LastEditor:
'''

"""
original code from rwightman:
https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
"""
from functools import partial
from collections import OrderedDict

import torch
from torch import nn

def drop_path(x, drop_prob:float = 0., training: bool = False):
    if drop_prob == 0 or not training:
        return x
    keep_prob = 1 - drop_prob
    shape = (x.shape[0],) + (1,) * (x.nidm - 1) # work with diff dim tensors, not just 20 ConvNets
    random_tensor = keep_prob + torch.rand(shape, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device)
    random_tensor.floor_() # binarize
    output = x.div(keep_prob) * random_tensor
    return output


class DropPath(nn.Module):
    """
    Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks).
    """
    def __init__(self, drop_prob=None):
        super(DropPath, self).__init__()
        self.drop_prob = drop_prob

    def forward(self, x):
        return drop_path(x, self.drop_prob, self.training)

class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """
    2D Image to Patch Embedding
    """
    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_c=3, embed_dim=768, norm_layer=None):
        super().__init__()
        img_size = (img_size, img_size)
        patch_size = (patch_size, patch_size)
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.grid_size = (img_size[0] // patch_size[0], img_size[1] // patch_size[1])
        self.num_patches = self.grid_size[0] * self.grid_size[1]

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_c, embed_dim,kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim) if norm_layer else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        B, C, H, W =x.shape
        assert H == self.img_size[0] and W == self.img_size[1],\
            f"Input image size ({H} * {W}) doesn't match model ({self.img_size[0]}*{self.img_size[1]})."

        #flatten: [B, C, H, W] -> [B, C, HW]
        #transpose: [B, C, HW] -> [B, HW, C]
        x = self.proj(x).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        x = self.norm(x)
        return x

class Attention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,
                 dim, # 输入token的dim
                 num_heads=8,
                 qkv_bias=None,
                 qk_scale=None,
                 attn_drop_ratio=0.,
                 proj_drop_ratio=0.):
        super(Attention, self).__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim*3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop_ratio)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop_ratio)

    def forward(self, x):
        # [batch_size, num_patches + 1, total_embed_dim]
        B, N, C = x.shape

        # qkv(): -> [batch_size, num_patches+1, 3 * total_embed_dim]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, 3, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # permute: -> [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)

        # [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        q, k, v = qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2]

        #transpose: -> [batch_size, num_heads, embed_dim_head, num_patches+1]
        #@: multiply -> [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, num_patches + 1]
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)
        
        # @: multiply -> [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        # transpose: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, total_embed_dim]
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)

        return x

class Mlp(nn.Module):
    """
    MLP as used in Vision Transformer, MLP-Mixer and related networks
    """
    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        return x

class Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,
                 dim,
                 num_heads,
                 mlp_ratio=4.,
                 qkv_bias=False,
                 qk_scale=None,
                 drop_ratio=0.,
                 attn_drop_ratio=0.,
                 drop_path_ratio=0.,
                 act_layer=nn.GELU,
                 norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super(Block, self).__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = Attention(dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                              attn_drop_ratio=attn_drop_ratio, proj_drop_ratio=drop_ratio)
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path_ratio) if drop_path_ratio > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        self.mlp = Mlp(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop_ratio)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.attn(self.norm1(x)))
        x = x+ self.drop_path(self.mlp(self.norm2(x)))

        return x

class VisionTransformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_c=3, num_classes=1000,
                 embed_dim=768, depth=12, num_heads=12, mlp_ratio=4.0, qkv_bias=True,
                 qk_scale=None, representation_size=None, distilled=False, drop_ratio=0.,
                 attn_drop_ratio=0, drop_path_ratio=0, embed_layer=PatchEmbed, norm_layer=None,
                 act_layer=None):
        """
               Args:
                   img_size (int, tuple): input image size
                   patch_size (int, tuple): patch size
                   in_c (int): number of input channels
                   num_classes (int): number of classes for classification head
                   embed_dim (int): embedding dimension
                   depth (int): depth of transformer
                   num_heads (int): number of attention heads
                   mlp_ratio (int): ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim
                   qkv_bias (bool): enable bias for qkv if True
                   qk_scale (float): override default qk scale of head_dim ** -0.5 if set
                   representation_size (Optional[int]): enable and set representation layer (pre-logits) to this value if set
                   distilled (bool): model includes a distillation token and head as in DeiT models
                   drop_ratio (float): dropout rate
                   attn_drop_ratio (float): attention dropout rate
                   drop_path_ratio (float): stochastic depth rate
                   embed_layer (nn.Module): patch embedding layer
                   norm_layer: (nn.Module): normalization layer
               """
        super(VisionTransformer, self).__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_features = self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.num_tokens = 2 if distilled else 1
        norm_layer = norm_layer or partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6)
        act_layer = act_layer or nn.GELU

        self.patch_embed = embed_layer(img_size=img_size, patch_size=patch_size, in_c=in_c, embed_dim=embed_dim)
        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches

        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim))
        self.dist_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim)) if distilled else None
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches + self.num_tokens, embed_dim))
        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_ratio)

        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_ratio, depth)] # stochastic depth decay rule
        self.blocks = nn.Sequential(*[
            Block(dim=embed_dim, num_heads=num_heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio, qkv_bias=qkv_bias,qk_scale=qk_scale,
                                            drop_ratio=drop_ratio, attn_drop_ratio=attn_drop_ratio, drop_path_ratio=dpr[i],
                                            norm_layer=norm_layer, act_layer=act_layer)
                                      for i in range(depth)])
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim)

        # Representation layer
        if representation_size and not distilled:
            self.has_logit = True
            self.num_features = representation_size
            self.pre_logits = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([
                ("fc", nn.Linear(embed_dim, representation_size)),
                ("act", nn.Tanh())
            ]))

        else:
            self.has_logit = False
            self.pre_logits = nn.Identity()

        # Classifier head(s)
        self.head = nn.Linear(self.num_features, num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()
        self.head_dist = None
        if distilled:
            self.head_dist = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()

        # weight init
        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=0.02)
        if self.dist_token is not None:
            nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.dist_token, std=0.02)

        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=0.02)
        self.apply(_init_vit_weights)

    def forward_features(self, x):
        #[B, C, H, W] -> [B, num_patches, embed_dim]
        x = self.patch_embed(x)
        #[1, 1, 768] -> [B, 1, 768]
        cls_token = self.cls_token.expand(x.shape[0], -1, -1)
        if self.dist_token is None:
            x = torch.cat((cls_token, x), dim=1) # [B, 197, 768]
        else:
            x = torch.cat((cls_token, self.dist_token.expand(x.shape[0], -1, -1), x), dim=1)

        x = self.pos_drop(x + self.pos_embed)
        x = self.blocks(x)
        x = self.norm(x)
        if self.dist_token is None:
            return self.pre_logits(x[:, 0])
        else:
            return x[:, 0], x[:, 1]

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.forward_features(x)
        if self.head_dist is not None:
            x, x_dist = self.head(x[0]), self.head_dist(x[1])
            if self.training and not torch.jit.is_scripting():
                # during inference, return the average of both classifier predictions
                return x, x_dist
            else:
                return (x + x_dist) / 2
        else:
            x =self.head(x)

        return x
def _init_vit_weights(m):
    """
    ViT weight initialization
    :param m:module
    """
    if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
        nn.init.trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.01)
        if m.bias is not None:
            nn.init.zeros_(m.bias)
    elif isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
        nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode="fan_out")
        if m.bias is not None:
            nn.init.zeros_(m.bias)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.zeros_(m.bias)
            nn.init.ones_(m.weight)

def vit_base_patch16_224(num_classes:int = 1000):
    """
       ViT-Base model (ViT-B/16) from original paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929).
       ImageNet-1k weights @ 224x224, source https://github.com/google-research/vision_transformer.
       weights ported from official Google JAX impl:
       链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zqb08naP0RPqqfSXfkB2EA  密码: eu9f
       """
    model = VisionTransformer(img_size=224,
                              patch_size=16,
                              depth=12,
                              num_heads=12,
                              representation_size=None,
                              num_classes=num_classes
                              )
    return model

def vit_base_patch16_224_in21k(num_classes: int = 21843, has_logits: bool = True):
    """
       ViT-Base model (ViT-B/16) from original paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929).
       ImageNet-21k weights @ 224x224, source https://github.com/google-research/vision_transformer.
       weights ported from official Google JAX impl:
       https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/releases/download/v0.1-vitjx/jx_vit_base_patch16_224_in21k-e5005f0a.pth
       """
    model = VisionTransformer(img_size=224,
                              patch_size=16,
                              embed_dim=768,
                              depth=12,
                              num_heads=12,
                              representation_size=768 if has_logits else None,
                              num_classes=num_classes)
    return model

def vit_base_patch32_224(num_classes: int = 1000):
    """
       ViT-Base model (ViT-B/32) from original paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929).
       ImageNet-1k weights @ 224x224, source https://github.com/google-research/vision_transformer.
       weights ported from official Google JAX impl:
       链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hCv0U8pQomwAtHBYc4hmZg  密码: s5hl
       """
    model = VisionTransformer(img_size=224,
                              patch_size=32,
                              embed_dim=768,
                              depth=12,
                              num_heads=12,
                              representation_size=None,
                              num_classes=num_classes)
    return model