Ubuntu 16.04配置国内源以及解决"404 无法找到”

1.寻找国内镜像源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
使用如下命令更改

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

中科大

（https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html）

#默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

更新源

sudo apt-get update 

更新已安装的包

sudo apt-get upgrade

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使用sudo apt-get update之后，更新失败，遇到如下错误。

W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
最终发现如下的解决方案！（PPA仓库破损而且陈旧的问题）
问题：我试着通过运行apt-get update命令来再次同步包索引文件，但是却出现了“404 无法找到”的错误，看起来似乎是我不能从先前添加的第三方PPA仓库中获取最新的索引。我怎样才能清除这些破损而且陈旧的PPA仓库呢？

当你试着更新APT包索引时，“404 无法找到”错误总是会在版本更新之后发生。就是说，在你升级你的Ubuntu发行版后，你在旧的版本上添加的一些第三方PPA仓库就不再受新版本的支持。在此种情况下，你可以像下面这样来鉴别并清除那些破损的PPA仓库。

首先，找出那些引起“404 无法找到”错误的PPA。

 sudo apt-get update | grep "Failed"

出现如下错误提示：

W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/finalterm/daily/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found

表示Ubuntu Trusty不再支持的PPA仓库是 ppa:finalterm/daily 。

移除该PPA仓库

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:finalterm/daily

在移除所有过时的PPA仓库后，重新运行apt-get update命令来检查它们是否都被成功移除。

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26093511/article/details/78754574