Python小记：4.计算方差、标准差、均方差、均方根值、均方误差、均方根误差

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
import math
 
 
def get_average(records):
    """
    平均值
    """
    return sum(records) / len(records)
 
 
def get_variance(records):
    """
    方差 反映一个数据集的离散程度
    """
    average = get_average(records)
    return sum([(x - average) ** 2 for x in records]) / len(records)
 
 
def get_standard_deviation(records):
    """
    标准差 == 均方差 反映一个数据集的离散程度
    """
    variance = get_variance(records)
    return math.sqrt(variance)
 
 
def get_rms(records):
    """
    均方根值 反映的是有效值而不是平均值
    """
    return math.sqrt(sum([x ** 2 for x in records]) / len(records))
 
 
def get_mse(records_real, records_predict):
    """
    均方误差 估计值与真值 偏差
    """
    if len(records_real) == len(records_predict):
        return sum([(x - y) ** 2 for x, y in zip(records_real, records_predict)]) / len(records_real)
    else:
        return None
 
 
def get_rmse(records_real, records_predict):
    """
    均方根误差：是均方误差的算术平方根
    """
    mse = get_mse(records_real, records_predict)
    if mse:
        return math.sqrt(mse)
    else:
        return None
 
 
def get_mae(records_real, records_predict):
    """
    平均绝对误差
    """
    if len(records_real) == len(records_predict):
        return sum([abs(x - y) for x, y in zip(records_real, records_predict)]) / len(records_real)
    else:
        return None
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    records1 = [3, 4, 5]
    records2 = [2, 4, 6]
 
    # 平均值
    average1 = get_average(records1)  # 4.0
    average2 = get_average(records2)  # 4.0
 
    # 方差
    variance1 = get_variance(records1)  # 0.66
    variance2 = get_variance(records2)  # 2.66
 
    # 标准差
    std_deviation1 = get_standard_deviation(records1)  # 0.81
    std_deviation2 = get_standard_deviation(records2)  # 1.63
 
    # 均方根
    rms1 = get_rms(records1)  # 4.08
    rms2 = get_rms(records2)  # 4.32
 
    # 均方误差
    mse = get_mse(records1, records2)  # 0.66
 
    # 均方根误差
    rmse = get_rmse(records1, records2)  # 0.81
 
    # 平均绝对误差
    mae = get_mae(records1, records2)  # 0.66

具体对某组数据操作可参考下例：

#导入math包
import math
#定义点的函数
class Point:
    def __init__(self,x=0,y=0):
        self.x=x
        self.y=y
    def getx(self):
        return self.x
    def gety(self):
        return self.y 
#定义直线函数   
class Getlen:
    def __init__(self,p1,p2):
        self.x=p1.getx()-p2.getx()
        self.y=p1.gety()-p2.gety()
        #用math.sqrt（）求平方根
        self.len= math.sqrt((self.x**2)+(self.y**2))
    #定义得到直线长度的函数
    def getlen(self):
        return self.len
 
#设置点p1的坐标为（0,0）       
p1=Point(0,0)
#设置点p2的坐标为（3,4）
p2=Point(3,4)
#定义对象
l=Getlen(p1,p2)
#获取两点之间直线的长度
d=l.getlen())

或者

    import numpy as np
    import math
    p1=np.array([0,0])
    p2=np.array([1000,2000])
    p3=p2-p1
    p4=math.hypot(p3[0],p3[1])
    print(p4)