OpenCV_04图像运算

前言：总纲请看《计算机视觉学习路》

加法

result = cv2.add(img1,img2)

import cv2
import numpy as np

img1 = cv2.imread('../img/ex01.jpg')

# 图的加法运算就是矩阵的加法运算,因此加法运算的两张图必须相等

print(img1.shape)

img2 = np.ones((676, 1202, 3), np.uint8) * 100

re = cv2.add(img1, img2)

cv2.imshow('img1',img1)
cv2.imshow('result', re)

cv2.waitKey(0)

减法

subtract(A,B)   #  A减B 

import cv2
import numpy as np

img1 = cv2.imread('../img/ex01.jpg')

# 图的加法运算就是矩阵的加法运算,因此加法运算的两张图必须相等

print(img1.shape)

img2 = np.ones((676, 1202, 3), np.uint8) * 100

# re = cv2.add(img1, img2)
re = cv2.subtract(img1, img2)

cv2.imshow('img1',img1)
cv2.imshow('result', re)

cv2.waitKey(0)

乘除法

cv2.multiply(A, B)  # 乘法

cv2.divide(A, B)  # 除法

就是加的快一点，减的快一点，这里请自行尝试。 

 图像融合

cv2.addWeighted(A , alpha , B, beta , gamma)  # alpha+beta=1

#alpha是A的占比（<1）,beta是B的占比，gamma是静态权重，是对融合后所有元素的操作

import cv2
import numpy as np
cv2.namedWindow('result',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.namedWindow('img1',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.namedWindow('img2',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)

img1 = cv2.imread('../img/ex01.jpg')
img2 = cv2.imread('../img/ex03.jpg')

# 只有两张图的属性一致，才可以融合
print(img1.shape)
print(img2.shape)

result = cv2.addWeighted(img1,0.4,img2,0.6,0)

cv2.imshow('img1',img1)
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)
cv2.imshow('result',result)

cv2.waitKey(0)

图像的位运算

非

 cv2.bitwise_not(img)

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('../img/ex03.jpg')

img2 = cv2.bitwise_not(img)

cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)

cv2.waitKey(0)

与

cv2.bitwise_and(img1 , img2) 

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('../img/ex03.jpg')
img2 = cv2.imread('../img/ex01.jpg')

# 与运算
img3 = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img2)

# cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.imshow('img3',img3)

cv2.waitKey(0)

或

cv2.bitwise_or(img,img2)

异或

cv2.bitwise_xor(img,img2)

练习：添加水印

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('../img/ex03.jpg')

# 创建LOGO
logo = np.zeros((200, 200, 3), np.uint8)
mask = np.zeros((200, 200, 1), np.uint8)  # 掩码

# 绘制LOGO
logo[20:120, 20:120] = [0, 0, 255]
logo[80:180, 80:180] = [0, 255, 0]

mask[20:120, 20:120] = 255
mask[80:180, 80:180] = 255 

# 对mask按位求反，都变成 0
m = cv2.bitwise_not(mask)

# 选择图像的位置添加LOGO
roi = img[0:200, 0:200]

# 和m进行与操作,单通道可以直接与，多通道需要用mask
tmp = cv2.bitwise_and(roi, roi, mask=m)

# 叠加
dst = cv2.add(tmp,logo)

img[0:200,0:200] = dst  #加到图片里面

cv2.imshow('logo', logo)
cv2.imshow('mask', mask)
cv2.imshow('m', m)
cv2.imshow('tmp', tmp)
cv2.imshow('dst', dst)
cv2.imshow('img', img)

cv2.waitKey(0)