定语从句

定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
①who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

②Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书

③which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语）

2、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。①when, where,why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

②that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），
例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

非限定定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，通常用逗号隔开，去掉不会影响句子意思。