ROS2进阶 -- 硬件篇第三章第一节 -- ESP32 DEVKIT_V1捕获MG310霍尔编码电机的脉冲

从第三章开始，我们将分几节，陆续完成ESP32的和各种配件的连接与调试。

参考资料：

零件说明：ROS2进阶 – 硬件篇第一章 – 使用ESP32，树莓派5，ROS2 从零组装一台差速控制的机器人
环境配置：ROS2进阶 – 硬件篇第二章 – 使用 ESP32 DEVKIT_V1 开发板基于 Arduino IDE 的环境搭建教程 windows / ubuntu 双系统安装
第三节：ESP32捕获霍尔编码电机的脉冲

使用本章内容时请提前将代码esp32_ros2_robot下载好

1. 本节需要准备的东西

ESP32，带有霍尔编码器的电机， Arduino IDE

本节所使用的代码为03-esp32_Hall_encoder_motor

2. 电路图

先将esp32通过USB连接到电脑上，然后将电机和ESP32按照下图连接

接线说明：
霍尔传感器正极 +（蓝⾊） ESP32_Vin (5.0V)
霍尔传感器负极 - （⿊⾊） ESP32_Gnd (0V)
编码器 Encoder A （黄⾊） ESP32_GPIO4 (Input)
编码器 Encoder B（绿⾊） ESP32_GPIO5 (Input）

实物连接如下：

3. 代码

一共需要两个文件
encoder_driver.h

/*****************************************************************
Motor Encoder Information: 

  Pluse Per Rotation: 11
  Reduction Ratio: 30
  Motor Voltage: 12V
  Hall Encoder Voltage: 5.0V
  Total pluse per Rotation: 
    11(PPR) * 2(Hall) * 2(CHANGE) * 30(Reduction Ratio) =1320 

*****************************************************************/

#define LEFT_ENCODER_A 4  // Pin for Left Encoder A Pin
#define LEFT_ENCODER_B 5  // Pin for Left Encoder B Pin

#define RIGHT_ENCODER_A 18  // Pin for Right Encoder A Pin
#define RIGHT_ENCODER_B 19  // Pin for Right Encoder B Pin

#define LEFT 0
#define RIGHT 1

long leftPosition = 0;   // Global variable for storing the encoder position
long rightPosition = 0;  // Global variable for storing the encoder position

long current_leftPosition = 0;  // Global variable for storing the current encoder position
long current_rightPosition = 0; // Global variable for storing the current encoder position

void Left_encoder_isr_A() {
  // Reading the current state of encoder A and B
  // look for a low-to-high on channel A
  if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_A) == HIGH) { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning
    if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_B) == LOW) {  
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition + 1;         // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition - 1;         // CCW
    }
  }
  else   // must be a high-to-low edge on channel A                                       
  { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning  
    if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_B) == HIGH) {   
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition + 1;          // CW
    }
    else {
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition - 1;          // CCW
    }
  }
}

void Left_encoder_isr_B() {
  // Reading the current state of encoder A and B
  // look for a low-to-high on channel A
if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_B) == HIGH) {   
   // check channel A to see which way encoder is turning
    if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_A) == HIGH) {  
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition + 1;         // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition - 1;         // CCW
    }
  }
  // Look for a high-to-low on channel B
  else { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning  
    if (digitalRead(LEFT_ENCODER_A) == LOW) {   
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition + 1;          // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_leftPosition = current_leftPosition - 1;          // CCW
    }
  }
}

void Right_encoder_isr_A() {
  // Reading the current state of encoder A and B
  // look for a low-to-high on channel A
  if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_A) == HIGH) { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning
    if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_B) == LOW) {  
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition + 1;         // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition - 1;         // CCW
    }
  }
  else   // must be a high-to-low edge on channel A                                       
  { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning  
    if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_B) == HIGH) {   
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition + 1;          // CW
    }
    else {
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition - 1;          // CCW
    }
  }
}

void Right_encoder_isr_B() {
  // Reading the current state of encoder A and B
  // look for a low-to-high on channel A
if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_B) == HIGH) {   
   // check channel A to see which way encoder is turning
    if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_A) == HIGH) {  
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition + 1;         // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition - 1;         // CCW
    }
  }
  // Look for a high-to-low on channel B
  else { 
    // check channel B to see which way encoder is turning  
    if (digitalRead(RIGHT_ENCODER_A) == LOW) {   
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition + 1;          // CW
    } 
    else {
      current_rightPosition = current_rightPosition - 1;          // CCW
    }
  }
}

long readEncoder(int i)
{
  if (i==LEFT)
  {
    return (current_leftPosition -leftPosition );
  }
  else
  {
    return (current_rightPosition -rightPosition );
  }
}

void resetEncoder(int i)
{
  if (i==LEFT)
  {
    leftPosition=current_leftPosition;    
  }else
  {
    rightPosition=current_rightPosition;
  }
}

void resetEncoders()
{  
  resetEncoder(LEFT);
  resetEncoder(RIGHT); 
}

void Init_Encoder() 
{
  pinMode(LEFT_ENCODER_A, INPUT);
  pinMode(LEFT_ENCODER_B, INPUT);

  pinMode(RIGHT_ENCODER_A, INPUT);
  pinMode(RIGHT_ENCODER_B, INPUT);

  // Attaching the ISR to encoder Left A B
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(LEFT_ENCODER_A), Left_encoder_isr_A, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(LEFT_ENCODER_B), Left_encoder_isr_B, CHANGE);

  // Attaching the ISR to encoder Rigth A B
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(RIGHT_ENCODER_A), Right_encoder_isr_A, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(RIGHT_ENCODER_B), Right_encoder_isr_B, CHANGE);
}

Encoder_test.ino

#include "encoder_driver.h"

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  // Initialize serial communication
  Init_Encoder();
}

void loop() {
  Serial.print("Left Encoder: ");
  Serial.println(readEncoder(LEFT));

  // Serial.print("Left Encoder: ");
  // Serial.println(readEncoder(RIGHT));
}

4. 运行代码

首先打开上面下载的代码，

选择这个.ino文件

选择开发板和端口号

点击验证和上传按钮

然后点击右上角的串口监视器，然后手动转动轮胎，可以观察到这个值在变化

5. 视频调试过程如下

编码器测试