计算机视觉作业2

计算机视觉作业2

实验要求
匹配地理标记图像：
1.输入同一场景的序列图像
2.通过sift算法对地理标记图像进行两两匹配，构造连接矩阵
3.可视化图像连接关系
sift定义
SIFT，即尺度不变特征变换(Scale-invariant feature transform，SIFT)，是用于图像处理领域的一种描述。这种描述具有尺度不变性，可在图像中检测出关键点，是一种局部特征描述子。

以下是代码实现：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pylab import *
from PIL import Image
from PCV.localdescriptors import sift
from PCV.tools import imtools
import pydot

""" This is the example graph illustration of matching images from Figure 2-10.
To download the images, see ch2_download_panoramio.py."""

#download_path = "panoimages"  # set this to the path where you downloaded the panoramio images
#path = "/FULLPATH/panoimages/"  # path to save thumbnails (pydot needs the full system path)

download_path = "C:\\Users\\16004\\Pictures\\sift"  # set this to the path where you downloaded the panoramio images
path = "C:\\Users\\16004\\Pictures\\sift"  # path to save thumbnails (pydot needs the full system path)

# list of downloaded filenames
imlist = imtools.get_imlist(download_path)
nbr_images = len(imlist)

# extract features
featlist = [imname[:-3] + 'sift' for imname in imlist]
for i, imname in enumerate(imlist):
    sift.process_image(imname, featlist[i])

matchscores = zeros((nbr_images, nbr_images))

for i in range(nbr_images):
    for j in range(i, nbr_images):  # only compute upper triangle
        print('comparing ', imlist[i], imlist[j])
        l1, d1 = sift.read_features_from_file(featlist[i])
        l2, d2 = sift.read_features_from_file(featlist[j])
        matches = sift.match_twosided(d1, d2)
        nbr_matches = sum(matches > 0)
        print ('number of matches = ', nbr_matches)
        matchscores[i, j] = nbr_matches
print ("The match scores is: \n", matchscores)

# copy values
for i in range(nbr_images):
    for j in range(i + 1, nbr_images):  # no need to copy diagonal
        matchscores[j, i] = matchscores[i, j]

#可视化

threshold = 2  # min number of matches needed to create link

g = pydot.Dot(graph_type='graph')  # don't want the default directed graph

for i in range(nbr_images):
    for j in range(i + 1, nbr_images):
        if matchscores[i, j] > threshold:
            # first image in pair
            im = Image.open(imlist[i])
            im.thumbnail((100, 100))
            filename = path + str(i) + '.png'
            im.save(filename)  # need temporary files of the right size
            g.add_node(pydot.Node(str(i), fontcolor='transparent', shape='rectangle', image=filename))

            # second image in pair
            im = Image.open(imlist[j])
            im.thumbnail((100, 100))
            filename = path + str(j) + '.png'
            im.save(filename)  # need temporary files of the right size
            g.add_node(pydot.Node(str(j), fontcolor='transparent', shape='rectangle', image=filename))

            g.add_edge(pydot.Edge(str(i), str(j)))
g.write_png('whitehouse.png')

我放了一组图片，但是最终匹配到了两张：

sift的优缺点：
优点：该方法不但对于旋转、尺度缩放、亮度变化保持不变性，而且对视角变化、仿射变换、噪声也保持一定程度的稳定性。且该方法对特征点的个数和有效点的比例没有要求。当特征点不是很多时，经优化的SIFT匹配算法甚至可以达到实时的要求。而且可以很方便的与其他形式的特征向量进行联合。
缺点：SIFT算法通过对特征点构造128维的向量，然后对向量进行匹配，这样图像就得满足足够多的纹理，否则构造出的128维向量区别性就不是太大，容易造成误匹配，极限情况如指纹图像的匹配，星图识别等这类图像特征点周围根本没有什么纹理，这时SIFT算法就完全失效了。