运筹学：影子价格（shadow price）和对偶价格（dual price）

对偶问题的解

影子价格

影子价格是一个经济学意义上的解释，因为不同的解读，目前对于影子价格准确的定义较为混乱。下面下来举几个例子：

1. the shadow price associated with a resource tells you how much more profit you would get by increasing the amount of that resource by one unit. (So “How much you would be willing to pay for an additional resource” is a good way of thinking about the shadow price.)（与某一资源相关的影子价格告诉我们，增加一个单位的资源量会增加多少利润。(因此，"你愿意为增加一个资源单位支付多少钱 "是一种很好的影子价格思维方式）。
   link：https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/91504/shadow-prices-in-linear-programming
2. Basically, a shadow price is an estimated cost for a good or service that isn’t typically offered for sale or priced in the ma