eNSP第一篇:VLAN的划分,划分原则,基础配置,交换接口模式的工作原理

VLAN的划分,划分原则,基础配置,交换接口模式的工作原理

VLAN 虚拟局域网

常见vlan划分的几种常用方式

  1. 安装部门划分
  2. 安装地点划分
  3. 安装人员划分

常见的vlan划分的几种方法

1.基于交换机接口划分  较为常用,也是其他方法的基础
2.基于IP地址划分适用于固定IP的终端设备(财务,老板使用的PC等)
3.基于mac地址划分 适用于安全性较高的部门(研发等)
4.策略vlan相对比较不常见,可以同时基于IP和mac地址划分

                         

vlan透传

vlan 透传是指一端发送数据到另一端时,另一端接受到数据包时是剥离了802.1q封装的

什么意思呢?

图1-1

如图1-1,当PC1发送数据给PC2,数据包传递到LSW1的Ethernet0/0/1接口,会封装上接口的vlan-id,即802.1q协议,当LSW1将数据从Ethernet0/0/2口转发给PC2时,则需要将数据包的802.1q协议封装给剥离开,PC才可以读取到数据中的内容,这个过程就是vlan的透传;当交换机在转发数据包给终端时,数据包的802.1q封装若无法被剥离,则会造成无法通信;

常见的三种交换接口的模式

  1. access接入模式,一般用于接入终端的交换机接口
  2. trunk中继模式,一般用于交换机之间互相连接的接口
  3. hybrid混合模式,可以剥离多个vlan-id和允许多个vlan通过
交换机接口三种模式下pvid,TG,UT的vlan个数

交换机接口模式

pvid

TG(tagged)

UT(untagged)

access

一个

一个

一个

trunk

一个

多个

一个

hybrid

一个

多个

多个

pvid:在交换机接口接收到没有802.1q封装的数据包时,给数据包打上vlan-id(封装802.1q);

TG(tagged):接口在转发和接收数据包时携带vlan标签(802.1q封装)通过;

UT(untagged):在接口转发数据包时,将对应的vlan标签(802.1q封装)剥离;

access和trunk模式的交换机接口只可以pvid和UT同一个的vlan-id(802.1q封装);

相关命令:

本篇只讲基于接口的vlan划分!

access:

port link-type access

//配置接口为access模式

port default vlan [vlan-id]

//配置接口vlan-id,默认vlan 1,接口接收数据时,PVID和TG该vlan,转发时UT该vlan;

trunk:

port link-type trunk

//配置接口为trunk模式

port trunk allow-pass vlan [vlan-id列表]

//配置接口TG列表

port trunk pvid vlan [vlan-id]

//配置接口vlan-id,使接口可以pvid该vlan,若TG列表含该vlan,则接口在转发数据时UT该vlan;

hybrid:

port link-type hyhrid

//配置接口为hybrid模式

port hybrid pvid vlan [vlan-id]

//使接口可以pvid该vlan

port hybrid tagged vlan [vlan-id 列表]

//配置接口TG列表

port hybrid untagged vlan [vlan-id列表]

//配置接口UT列表

hybrid接口模式中,同一个vlan只能在一个列表中;

实验

拓扑图

本篇只做关于vlan的配置(链路聚合部分除外)!

其他相关配置:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46678521/article/details/126472140

S1的部分配置

[S1]vlan batch 10 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[S1]interface Ethernet0/0/1

[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk pvid vlan 100

[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 100

[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S1]interface Ethernet0/0/2

[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10

[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

[S1]interface Ethernet0/0/3

[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access

[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10

[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]quit

S2的部分配置

[S2]vlan batch 20 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[S2]interface Ethernet0/0/1

[S2-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type hybrid

[S2-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 100

[S2-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 100

[S2-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 20

[S2-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S2]interface Ethernet0/0/2

[S2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S2-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20

[S2-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

S3的部分配置

[S3]vlan batch 30 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/1

[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk pvid vlan 100

[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 30 100

[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/2

[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 30

[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

S4的部分配置

[S4]vlan batch 40 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[S4]interface Ethernet0/0/1

[S4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[S4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk pvid vlan 100

[S4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 40 100

[S4-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S4]interface Ethernet0/0/2

[S4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S4-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 40

[S4-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

S5的部分配置

[S5]vlan 4

[S5-vlan4]quit

[S5]interface Ethernet 0/0/1

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 4

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

[S5]interface Ethernet 0/0/2

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 4

[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

[S5]interface g0/0/1

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 4

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S5]interface g0/0/2

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 4

[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

S6的部分配置

[S6]vlan 5

[S6-vlan5]quit

[S6]interface Ethernet0/0/1

[S6-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[S6-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 5

[S6-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S6]interface Ethernet0/0/2

[S6-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S6-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 5

[S6-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

[S6]interface g0/0/1

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 5

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S6]interface g0/0/2

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 5

[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

LSW1的部分配置

[LSW1]vlan batch 2 to 9

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[LSW1]interface g0/0/1

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[LSW1]interface g0/0/2

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[LSW1]interface g0/0/3

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 4

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit

[LSW1]interface g0/0/4

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 5

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit

[LSW1]interface g0/0/5

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-type access

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port default vlan 8

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit

LSW2的部分配置

[LSW2]vlan batch 2 to 9

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[LSW2]interface g0/0/1

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[LSW2]interface g0/0/2

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[LSW2]interface g0/0/3

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 4

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit

[LSW2]interface g0/0/4

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 5

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit

[LSW2]]interface g0/0/5

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-type access

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port default vlan 9

[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit

SW1的部分配置

[SW1]vlan batch 2 6 10 20 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[SW1]interface g0/0/1

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[SW1]interface g0/0/2

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

SW2的部分配置

[SW2]vlan batch 3 6 30 40 100

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[SW2]interface g0/0/1

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 3

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[SW2]interface g0/0/2

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

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