标签平滑Label Smoothing Demo(附pytorch的NLLLoss()，gather())

PS：mnist直接套上LabelSmoothing的外壳？没问题，跳转https://www.cnblogs.com/jie-74/p/15686550.html

LabelSmoothing.py

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable

# Wangleiofficial
# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/7455#issuecomment-720100742
class LabelSmoothingLoss(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, smoothing: float = 0.1,
                 reduction="mean", weight=None):
        super(LabelSmoothingLoss, self).__init__()
        self.smoothing   = smoothing
        self.reduction = reduction
        self.weight    = weight

    def reduce_loss(self, loss):
        return loss.mean() if self.reduction == 'mean' else loss.sum() \
         if self.reduction == 'sum' else loss

    def linear_combination(self, x, y):
        return self.smoothing * x + (1 - self.smoothing) * y

    def forward(self, preds, target):
        assert 0 <= self.smoothing < 1

        if self.weight is not None:
            self.weight = self.weight.to(preds.device)

        n = preds.size(-1)
        log_preds = F.log_softmax(preds, dim=-1)
        loss = self.reduce_loss(-log_preds.sum(dim=-1))
        nll = F.nll_loss(
            log_preds, target, reduction=self.reduction, weight=self.weight
        )
        return self.linear_combination(loss / n, nll)


# NVIDIA
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples/blob/8d8b21a933fff3defb692e0527fca15532da5dc6/PyTorch/Classification/ConvNets/image_classification/smoothing.py#L18
class LabelSmoothing(nn.Module):
    """NLL loss with label smoothing.
    """
    def __init__(self, smoothing=0.0): # 平滑因子
        """Constructor for the LabelSmoothing module.
        :param smoothing: label smoothing factor
        """
        super(LabelSmoothing, self).__init__()
        self.confidence = 1.0 - smoothing
        self.smoothing = smoothing

    def forward(self, x, target):
        logprobs = torch.nn.functional.log_softmax(x, dim=-1) # x: (batch size * class数量)，即log(p(k))
        nll_loss = -logprobs.gather(dim=-1, index=target.unsqueeze(1)) # target: (batch size) 数字标签
        # 相当于取出logprobs中的真实标签的那个位置的logit的负值
        nll_loss = nll_loss.squeeze(1) # (batch size * 1)再squeeze成batch size，即log(p(k))δk,y，δk,y表示除了k=y时该值为1，其余为0
        smooth_loss = -logprobs.mean(dim=-1) # 在class维度取均值，就是对每个样本x的所有类的logprobs取了平均值。
        # smooth_loss = -log(p(k))u(k) = -log(p(k))∗ 1/k

        loss = self.confidence * nll_loss + self.smoothing * smooth_loss # (batch size)
        # loss = (1−ϵ)log(p(k))δk,y + ϵlog(p(k))u(k)
        return loss.mean() # −∑ k=1~K [(1−ϵ)log(p(k))δk,y+ϵlog(p(k))u(k)]



if __name__=="__main__":
    # Wangleiofficial
    crit = LabelSmoothingLoss(smoothing=0.3, reduction="mean")
    predict = torch.FloatTensor([[0, 0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0],
                                 [0, 0.9, 0.2, 0.2, 1],
                                 [1, 0.2, 0.7, 0.9, 1]])

    v = crit(Variable(predict),
             Variable(torch.LongTensor([2, 1, 0])))
    print(v)

    # NVIDIA
    crit = LabelSmoothing(smoothing=0.3)
    predict = torch.FloatTensor([[0, 0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0],
                                 [0, 0.9, 0.2, 0.2, 1],
                                 [1, 0.2, 0.7, 0.9, 1]])
    v = crit(Variable(predict),
             Variable(torch.LongTensor([2, 1, 0])))
    print(v)

# tensor(1.3883)
# tensor(1.3883)

View Code

上面代码可以直接跑出LS的结果

两个LS的实现方法来源于

# Wangleiofficial
# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/7455#issuecomment-720100742

# NVIDIA
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples/blob/8d8b21a933fff3defb692e0527fca15532da5dc6/PyTorch/Classification/ConvNets/image_classification/smoothing.py#L18

主要讲解NVIDIA里的实现过程

class LabelSmoothing(nn.Module):
    """NLL loss with label smoothing.
    """
    def __init__(self, smoothing=0.0): # 平滑因子
        """Constructor for the LabelSmoothing module.
        :param smoothing: label smoothing factor
        """
        super(LabelSmoothing, self).__init__()
        self.confidence = 1.0 - smoothing
        self.smoothing = smoothing

    def forward(self, x, target):
        logprobs = torch.nn.functional.log_softmax(x, dim=-1) # x: (batch size * class数量)，即log(p(k))
        nll_loss = -logprobs.gather(dim=-1, index=target.unsqueeze(1)) # target: (batch size) 数字标签
        # 相当于取出logprobs中的真实标签的那个位置的logit的负值
        nll_loss = nll_loss.squeeze(1) # (batch size * 1)再squeeze成batch size，即log(p(k))δk,y，δk,y表示除了k=y时该值为1，其余为0
        smooth_loss = -logprobs.mean(dim=-1) # 在class维度取均值，就是对每个样本x的所有类的logprobs取了平均值。
        # smooth_loss = -log(p(k))u(k) = -log(p(k))∗ 1/k

        loss = self.confidence * nll_loss + self.smoothing * smooth_loss # (batch size)
        # loss = (1−ϵ)log(p(k))δk,y + ϵlog(p(k))u(k)
        return loss.mean() # −∑ k=1~K [(1−ϵ)log(p(k))δk,y+ϵlog(p(k))u(k)]

LS通俗易懂的推导

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41811314/article/details/115863126 保姆级代码

狄拉克delta

讲解NLLLoss()和CrossEntropyLoss()的区别

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22210253/article/details/85229988/

使用NLLLoss()的时候(即Negative Log Likelihood Loss)，需要在网络的最后输出层加上激活函数，这也正是likelihood的定义，即输出一个概率；而使用CrossEntropyLoss()的时候，网络的最后输出不要加激活，在 CrossEntropyLoss()中会帮我们完成此操作

NLLLoss (Negative Log Likelihood Loss)翻译为 “负对数似然损失函数”，但并不计算对数，只是利用对数运算后的值(故需要和LogSofmax组合)，进一步结合真实标签计算“负对数似然值”。 “似然”的含义为：所求概率分布与真实概率分布的相似程度。在分类任务中，“似然”的含义就是预测值与真实标签(one-hot类型)的接近程度(实质没有改变)。

pytorch中的CrossEntropyLoss中是结合了logsoftmax和Nllloss

softmax，取自然对数后，与Label对应的那个值拿出来，再取相反数，再求均值(除以样本数)。

Pytorch中的torch.gather函数详解，从抽象到具体

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41811314/article/details/115869024

torch.gather(input, dim, index, *, sparse_grad=False, out=None)

dim=1时，out[i][j][k] = input[i][index[i][j][k]][k]

out[i][j][k]就是先获取index[i][j][k]，设为a，dim为1，结果即为input[i][a][k]

input是个仓库

 

更宏观的理解

也就是说，对于out中的每一个{m}位置，我们都去input这个仓库里找到对应的那一个点！找到那一个点之后，我们从这个点出发，发射一条只照亮"dim"这条线的光线，在这条光线上再根据index找到我们真正需要的那个点就行了！

----------------------------------------------------------------------------一种新的LabelSmoothing计算方法 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2021-12-14

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/S2fOvfY1PL7t7kNuUtKSnQ

设置成on_value和off_value，打开那个变成1-epsilon+epsilon/n

def one_hot(x, num_classes, on_value=1., off_value=0., device='cuda'):
    x = x.long().view(-1, 1)
    return torch.full((x.size()[0], num_classes), off_value, device=device).scatter_(1, x, on_value)


def mixup_target(target, num_classes, lam=1., smoothing=0.0, device='cuda'):
    off_value = smoothing / num_classes
    on_value = 1. - smoothing + off_value
    y1 = one_hot(target, num_classes, on_value=on_value, off_value=off_value, device=device)
    y2 = one_hot(target.flip(0), num_classes, on_value=on_value, off_value=off_value, device=device)
    return y1 * lam + y2 * (1. - lam)

上面说的按照单标签推公式的，理应可以推广到多标签