好的,首先需要导入相关的库和数据集:
```python
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
# 加载数据集
data = # 加载数据集的代码
```
接下来,你需要对数据进行预处理,包括划分训练集和测试集,以及归一化处理:
```python
# 划分训练集和测试集
train_size = int(len(data) * 0.8)
train_data = data[:train_size]
test_data = data[train_size:]
# 归一化处理
mean = train_data.mean(axis=0)
std = train_data.std(axis=0)
train_data = (train_data - mean) / std
test_data = (test_data - mean) / std
```
然后,你需要编写一个生成器函数,用于生成训练数据和测试数据:
```python
def generate_data(data, lookback, delay, min_index, max_index, shuffle=False, batch_size=128, step=6):
if max_index is None:
max_index = len(data) - delay - 1
i = min_index + lookback
while True:
if shuffle:
rows = np.random.randint(min_index + lookback, max_index, size=batch_size)
else:
if i + batch_size >= max_index:
i = min_index + lookback
rows = np.arange(i, min(i + batch_size, max_index))
i += len(rows)
samples = np.zeros((len(rows), lookback // step, data.shape[-1]))
targets = np.zeros((len(rows),))
for j, row in enumerate(rows):
indices = range(rows[j] - lookback, rows[j], step)
samples[j] = data[indices]
targets[j] = data[rows[j] + delay][0]
yield samples, targets
```
接下来,你可以定义模型:
```python
lookback = 24
step = 1
delay = 0
batch_size = 128
train_gen = generate_data(train_data, lookback=lookback, delay=delay, min_index=0,
max_index=train_size, shuffle=True, step=step, batch_size=batch_size)
test_gen = generate_data(test_data, lookback=lookback, delay=delay, min_index=train_size,
max_index=None, step=step, batch_size=batch_size)
val_steps = (len(test_data) - lookback) // batch_size
test_steps = (len(test_data) - lookback) // batch_size
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.LSTM(200, input_shape=(None, train_data.shape[-1])),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)
])
model.compile(optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(), loss='mae')
```
最后,你可以训练模型并进行预测:
```python
history = model.fit(train_gen, steps_per_epoch=500, epochs=20, validation_data=test_gen, validation_steps=val_steps)
# 进行预测
preds = model.predict(test_data)
```
在训练完模型后,你可以使用均方根误差 (RMSE) 或平均绝对误差 (MAE) 来评估模型的预测准确性:
```python
# 计算 RMSE 或 MAE
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error
rmse = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(test_data[:, 0], preds[:, 0]))
mae = mean_absolute_error(test_data[:, 0], preds[:, 0])
```