深入探索长短期记忆网络（LSTM）

import tensorflow as tf

# 定义超参数
epochs = 10
batch_size = 64
input_dim = 28
timesteps = 28
hidden_dim = 128
output_dim = 10

# 加载MNIST数据集
mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

# 创建LSTM模型
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.LSTM(hidden_dim, input_shape=(timesteps, input_dim)),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(output_dim, activation='softmax')
])

# 编译模型
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# 打印模型结构
model.summary()

# 训练模型
model.fit(x_train, y_train,
          epochs=epochs,
          batch_size=batch_size,
          validation_data=(x_test, y_test))

6.2Pytorch框架

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.datasets as datasets
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

# 定义超参数
sequence_length = 28
input_size = 28
hidden_size = 128
num_layers = 2
num_classes = 10
batch_size = 64
num_epochs = 10
learning_rate = 0.001

# 加载MNIST数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=False, transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# 数据加载器
train_loader = DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)

# 定义LSTM模型
class LSTMModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, num_classes):
        super(LSTMModel, self).__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        h0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(device)
        c0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(device)
        out, _ = self.lstm(x, (h0, c0))
        out = self.fc(out[:, -1, :])
        return out

device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

model = LSTMModel(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, num_classes).to(device)

# 定义损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 训练模型
total_step = len(train_loader)
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
        images = images.reshape(-1, sequence_length, input_size).to(device)
        labels = labels.to(device)
        
        # 前向传播
        outputs = model(images)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        
        # 反向传播和优化
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        
        if (i+1) % 100 == 0:
            print ('Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}], Loss: {:.4f}' 
                   .format(epoch+1, num_epochs, i+1, total_step, loss.item()))

# 模型评估
with torch.no_grad():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    for images, labels in test_loader:
        images = images.reshape(-1, sequence_length, input_size).to(device)
        labels = labels.to(device)
        outputs = model(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

    print('测试集准确率: {} %'.format(100 * correct / total))

7. 结论

长短期记忆网络（LSTM）作为一种强大的序列建模工具，在处理各种序列数据任务中展现出了良好的性能。通过引入记忆单元和门控机制，LSTM能够有效地解决传统循环神经网络中的长期依赖问题，并在自然语言处理、时间序列预测、语音识别等领域取得了广泛的应用。随着深度学习技术的不断发展，LSTM以其独特的优势将继续在序列数据处理领域发挥重要作用。

松小白song

关注

20
点赞
踩
9

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
深入探索长短期记忆网络（LSTM）

通过引入记忆单元和门控机制，LSTM能够有效地解决传统循环神经网络中的长期依赖问题，并在自然语言处理、时间序列预测、语音识别等领域取得了广泛的应用。记忆单元通过门控机制来控制信息的流动，并且可以在不同的时间步长上保持和传递信息，避免了梯度消失和爆炸的问题。该模型具有一个LSTM层和一个全连接层，输入数据是28x28的图像，经过一系列的LSTM单元，然后经过一个全连接层输出分类结果。在梯度下降的过程中，通过计算损失函数关于参数的梯度，并根据梯度的方向更新参数，从而逐步优化模型的性能。
复制链接

扫一扫