BMP序列转YUV文件

本次实验尝试将五张24比特深度的BMP格式图片转换为YUV格式并存储到一个YUV文件中进行播放，那么首先介绍一下BMP文件。
一 BMP文件
典型的BMP图像文件由四部分组成:

1:位图头文件数据结构，它包含BMP图像文件的类型、显示内容等信息;

2:位图信息数据结构，它包含有BMP图像的宽、高、压缩方法，以及定义颜色等信息;

3:调色板，这个部分是可选的，有些位图需要调色板，有些位图，比如真彩色图(24位的BMP)就不需要调色板;

4:位图数据，这部分的内容根据BMP位图使用的位数不同而不同，在24位图中直接使用RGB，而其他的小于24位的使用调色板中颜色索引值。在本次实验中采用的是24比特深度的图片，所以不含调色板，只由三部分组成。
二 实验思路
本次实验采用VS2019编程实现，并运用YUVviewer进行播放查看，算法如下：
首先想要完成转换，我们先要知道这个图片的宽和高，由上述可知，在位图信息数据结构里存放着图像的宽和高，因此在这里我们引入windows.h这个库完成该操作。代码如下所示
首先定义两个变量fileheader和inforheader,用来存放读取BMP文件的前两部分

BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFOHEADER inforheader;

```javascript
fread(&fileheader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, bmp);
fread(&inforheader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, bmp);
width = inforheader.biWidth;
height = inforheader.biHeight;

运用了windows里自带读取函数，可以找到BMP文件格式中的宽和高，这样就可以分配空间了。
随后提取出来BMP文件中的各个像素点的RGB值

fread(rgbBuf, 1, width * height * 3, bmp);

随后运用之前写好的RGB转YUV的函数将其转换为YUV格式并分别存储至yBuf uBuf vBuf里

RGB2YUV(width, height, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip);

RGB2YUV具体函数如下所示

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgbyuv2.h"

static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];


/************************************************************************
 *
 *  int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, YUV *yuv)
 *
 *	Purpose :	It takes a 24-bit RGB bitmap and convert it into
 *				YUV (4:2:0) format
 *
 *  Input :		x_dim	the x dimension of the bitmap
 *				y_dim	the y dimension of the bitmap
 *				bmp		pointer to the buffer of the bitmap
 *				yuv		pointer to the YUV structure
 *
 *  Output :	0		OK
 *				1		wrong dimension
 *				2		memory allocation error
 *
 *	Side Effect :
 *				None
 *
 *	Date :		09/28/2000
 *
 *  Contacts:
 *
 *  Adam Li
 *
 *  DivX Advance Research Center <darc@projectmayo.com>
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int RGB2YUV(int x_dim, int y_dim, void* bmp, void* y_out, void* u_out, void* v_out, int flip)
{
	static int init_done = 0;

	long i, j, size;
	unsigned char* r, * g, * b;
	unsigned char* y, * u, * v;
	unsigned char* pu1, * pu2, * pv1, * pv2, * psu, * psv;
	unsigned char* y_buffer, * u_buffer, * v_buffer;
	unsigned char* sub_u_buf, * sub_v_buf;

	if (init_done == 0)
	{
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
	if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
	size = x_dim * y_dim;

	// allocate memory
	y_buffer = (unsigned char*)y_out;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char*)u_out;
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char*)v_out;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	v_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
	{
		if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
		if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
		return 2;
	}

	b = (unsigned char*)bmp;
	y = y_buffer;
	u = u_buffer;
	v = v_buffer;

	// convert RGB to YUV
	if (!flip) {
		for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j++)
		{
			y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;

			for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i++) {
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
				*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
				*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
				b += 3;
				y++;
				u++;
				v++;
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
			g = b + 1;
			r = b + 2;
			*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
			*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
			*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
			b += 3;
			y++;
			u++;
			v++;
		}
	}

	// subsample UV
	for (j = 0; j < y_dim / 2; j++)
	{
		psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		for (i = 0; i < x_dim / 2; i++)
		{
			*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1 + 1) + *pu2 + *(pu2 + 1)) / 4;
			*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1 + 1) + *pv2 + *(pv2 + 1)) / 4;
			psu++;
			psv++;
			pu1 += 2;
			pu2 += 2;
			pv1 += 2;
			pv2 += 2;
		}
	}

	free(u_buffer);
	free(v_buffer);

	return 0;
}


void InitLookupTable()
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}

随后将YUV数据运用fwrite写入即可，每一帧都要按顺序写入一次，这里加入了变暗的转场，方法是让下一帧的图像各个像素点的Y值按比例减小，如下所示先存放40帧原图，而后100帧进行转场

for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, width * height, yuvfile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
			yBuf1 = yBuf;
			for (int j = 0; j < (width * height-1); j++) {
				*yBuf1 = int(*yBuf1 / (1.01));
				yBuf1++;
			}
			*yBuf1 = int(*yBuf1 / 1.01);
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, width * height, yuvfile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);

		}

而后切换图像即可，采取外层参数循环的方式
主函数完整代码如下所示

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "rgbyuv2.h"
#include <windows.h>
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#define u_int8_t	unsigned __int8
#define u_int		unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t	unsigned __int32
#define FALSE		false
#define TRUE		true
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER inforheader;
	int z;
	FILE* yuvfile=NULL;
	char* yuvname = argv[6];
	yuvfile = fopen(yuvname, "wb");

	for (z = 1; z < 6; z++) {

		long width, height;
		FILE* bmp;
		char* bmpname = NULL;
		bmpname = argv[z];
		bmp = fopen(bmpname,"rb");
		fread(&fileheader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, bmp);
		fread(&inforheader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, bmp);
		width = inforheader.biWidth;
		height = inforheader.biHeight;
		u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
		u_int8_t* yBuf1 = NULL;
		u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
		u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
		u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
		bool flip = FALSE;
		rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(width* height* 3 );
		fread(rgbBuf, 1, width * height * 3, bmp);
		yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(width * height);
		yBuf1 = (u_int8_t*)malloc(width * height);
		uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((width * height) / 4);
		vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((width * height) / 4);
		RGB2YUV(width, height, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip);


		for (int i = 0; i < width * height; i++)
			{
				if (yBuf[i] < 16) yBuf[i] = 16;
				if (yBuf[i] > 235) yBuf[i] = 235;
			}
		for (int i = 0; i < width * height / 4; i++)
			{
				if (uBuf[i] < 16) uBuf[i] = 16;
				if (uBuf[i] > 240) uBuf[i] = 240;

				if (vBuf[i] < 16) vBuf[i] = 16;
				if (vBuf[i] > 240) vBuf[i] = 240;
			}


		for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, width * height, yuvfile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
			yBuf1 = yBuf;
			for (int j = 0; j < (width * height-1); j++) {
				*yBuf1 = int(*yBuf1 / (1.01));
				yBuf1++;
			}
			*yBuf1 = int(*yBuf1 / 1.01);
			fwrite(yBuf, 1, width * height, yuvfile);
			fwrite(uBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);
			fwrite(vBuf, 1, (width * height) / 4, yuvfile);

		}
		
		free (rgbBuf);
		free(yBuf);
		free(uBuf);
		free(vBuf);
		fclose(bmp);



	}
	return 0;

}

三 效果展示
这次实验采用五张图，用了一些很可爱的小图片奥，最后效果还是可观的，放上效果

四 实验总结
这次的实验遇到的困难还是比较多的，刚开始读的宽和高怎么都不对。输出的图像颜色也不是很对，经过一系列调试总算成功了。