一、I2C协议
I2C总线是PHLIPS公司在20世纪80年代推出的一种串行总线。具有引脚少,硬件实现简单,可扩展性强的优点。I2C总线的另一优点是支持多主控,总线上任何能够进行发送/接收数据的设备都可以占领总线。当然,任意时间点上只能存在一个主控。
I2C即是一种总线,也是一种通讯协议。在嵌入式开发中,通讯协议可分为两层:物理层和协议层。物理层是数据在物理媒介传输的保障;协议层主要是规定通讯逻辑,同一收发双方的数据打包、解包标准。打个比方,物理层相当于现实中的公路,而协议层则是交通规则,汽车可以在路上行驶,但是需要交通规则对行驶规则进行约束,不然将出现危险,也就是数据传输紊乱、丢包。
硬件I2C
所谓硬件I2C对应bai芯片上的I2C外设,有相应I2C驱动电路,其所使用的I2C管脚也是专用的。
软件I2C
一般是用GPIO管脚,用软件控制管脚状态以模拟I2C通信波形。
区别:
硬件I2C的效率要远高于软件的,而软件I2C由于不受管脚限制,接口比较灵活。
模拟I2C 是通过GPIO,软件模拟寄存器的工作方式,而硬件(固件)I2C是直接调用内部寄存器进行配置。如果要从具体硬件上来看,可以去看下芯片手册。因为固件I2C的端口是固定的,所以会有所区别。
至于如何区分它们
可以看底层配置,比如IO口配置,如果配置了IO口的功能(IIC功能)那就是固件IIC,否则就是模拟
可以看IIC写函数,看里面有没有调用现成的函数或者给某个寄存器赋值,如果有,则肯定是固件IIC功能,没有的话肯定是数据一个bit一个bit模拟发生送的,肯定用到了循环,则为模拟。
根据代码量判断,模拟的代码量肯定比固件的要大。
- 硬件IIC用法比较复杂,模拟IIC的流程更清楚一些;
- 硬件IIC速度比模拟快,并且可以用DMA;
- 模拟IIC可以在任何管脚上,而硬件只能在固定管脚上。 软件i2c是程序员使用程序控制SCL,SDA线输出高低电平,模拟i2c协议的时序。一般较硬件i2c稳定,但是程序较为繁琐,但不难。 硬件i2c程序员只要调用i2c的控制函数即可,不用直接的去控制SCL,SDA高低电平的输出。但是有些单片机的硬件i2c不太稳定,调试问题较多。
二、AHT20温湿度传感器
本工程改编自野火自带例程串口通信。
测温湿度函数计算代码如下:
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
//-------------
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
//--------------
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("失败了");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("当前温度为: %d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("\r\n");
printf("µ±Ç°Êª¶ÈΪ: %d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
具体文件需要加入main.c,delay.c,usart.c,i2c.c,sys.c四个文件
main:
int main(void)
{
delay_init(); //?¨®¨º¡Ào¡¥¨ºy3?¨º??¡¥
uart_init(115200); //¡ä??¨²3?¨º??¡¥?a115200
IIC_Init();
while(1)
{
printf("¿ªÊ¼²âÁ¿£¬ÇëÉÔµÈ: ");
read_AHT20_once();
delay_ms(1500);
}
}
delay:
#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h"
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h"
#endif
static u8 fac_us=0;
static u16 fac_ms=0;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
OSIntEnter();
OSTimeTick();
OSIntExit();
#endif
void delay_init()
{
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
u32 reload;
#endif
SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8);
fac_us=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
reload=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
reload*=1000000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
fac_ms=1000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk;
SysTick->LOAD=reload;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
#else
fac_ms=(u16)fac_us*1000;
#endif
}
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 ticks;
u32 told,tnow,tcnt=0;
u32 reload=SysTick->LOAD;
ticks=nus*fac_us;
tcnt=0;
told=SysTick->VAL;
while(1)
{
tnow=SysTick->VAL;
if(tnow!=told)
{
if(tnow<told)tcnt+=told-tnow;
else tcnt+=reload-tnow+told;
told=tnow;
if(tcnt>=ticks)break;
}
};
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
if(OSRunning==TRUE)
{
if(nms>=fac_ms)
{
OSTimeDly(nms/fac_ms);
}
nms%=fac_ms;
}
delay_us((u32)(nms*1000));
}
#else
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=nus*fac_us;
SysTick->VAL=0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=(u32)nms*fac_ms;
SysTick->VAL =0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
#endif
usart码:
#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h"
#endif
#if 1
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
struct __FILE
{
int handle;
};
FILE __stdout;
void _sys_exit(int x)
{
x = x;
}
int fputc2(int ch, FILE *f)
{
while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0){};//?-?¡¤¡¤¡é?¨ª,?¡À¦Ì?¡¤¡é?¨ª¨ª¨º¡À?
USART1->DR = (u8) ch;
return ch;
}
#endif
#if EN_USART1_RX
u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
u16 USART_RX_STA=0;
void uart_init(u32 bound){
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3 ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = bound;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}
void USART1_IRQHandler2(void)
{
u8 Res;
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC
OSIntEnter();
#endif
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
{
Res =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);//(USART1->DR);
if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)
{
if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)
{
if(Res!=0x0a)USART_RX_STA=0;
else USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;
}
else
{
if(Res==0x0d)USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
else
{
USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=Res ;
USART_RX_STA++;
if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))USART_RX_STA=0;
}
}
}
}
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC
OSIntExit();
#endif
}
#endif
i2c:
#include "i2c.h"
#include "delay.h"
uint8_t ack_status=0;
uint8_t readByte[6];
uint8_t AHT20_status=0;
uint32_t H1=0; //Humility
uint32_t T1=0; //Temperature
uint8_t AHT20_OutData[4];
uint8_t AHT20sendOutData[10] = {0xFA, 0x06, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF};
void IIC_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP ; //¨ª?¨ª¨¬¨º?3?
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
}
void IIC_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA=0;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
IIC_SDA=0;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(4);
}
u8 IIC_Wait_Ack(void)
{
u8 ucErrTime=0;
SDA_IN();
IIC_SDA=1;delay_us(1);
IIC_SCL=1;delay_us(1);
while(READ_SDA)
{
ucErrTime++;
if(ucErrTime>250)
{
IIC_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
IIC_SCL=0;
return 0;
}
void IIC_Ack(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
//2?2¨²¨¦¨²ACK¨®|¡äe
void IIC_NAck(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Send_Byte(u8 txd)
{
u8 t;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
for(t=0;t<8;t++)
{
IIC_SDA=(txd&0x80)>>7;
txd<<=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
}
}
u8 IIC_Read_Byte(unsigned char ack)
{
unsigned char i,receive=0;
SDA_IN();
for(i=0;i<8;i++ )
{
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
receive<<=1;
if(READ_SDA)receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack)
IIC_NAck();
else
IIC_Ack();
return receive;
}
void IIC_WriteByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t data,uint8_t device_addr)
{
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(data);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Stop();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
delay_ms(10);
else
delay_us(2);
}
uint16_t IIC_ReadByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t device_addr,uint8_t ByteNumToRead)
{
uint16_t data;
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr+1);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
if(ByteNumToRead == 1)
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
else
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(1);
data=(data<<8)+IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
IIC_Stop();//2¨²¨¦¨²¨°???¨ª¡ê?1¨¬??t
return data;
}
void read_AHT20_once(void)
{
delay_ms(10);
startMeasure_AHT20();
delay_ms(80);
read_AHT20();
delay_ms(5);
}
void startMeasure_AHT20(void)
{
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("7-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xAC);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("8-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x33);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("9-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x00);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("10-n-");
I2C_Stop();
}
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("ʧ°ÜÁË");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("µ±Ç°Î¶ÈΪ: %d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("\r\n");
printf("µ±Ç°Êª¶ÈΪ: %d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
uint8_t Receive_ACK(void)
{
uint8_t result=0;
uint8_t cnt=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
while(READ_SDA && (cnt<100))
{
cnt++;
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
if(cnt<100)
{
result=1;
}
return result;
}
void Send_ACK(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
}
void SendNot_Ack(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
}
void I2C_WriteByte(uint8_t input)
{
uint8_t i;
SDA_OUT();
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(5);
if(input & 0x80)
{
IIC_SDA = 1;
//delaymm(10);
}
else
{
IIC_SDA = 0;
//delaymm(10);
}
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(5);
input = (input<<1);
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
}
uint8_t I2C_ReadByte(void)
{
uint8_t resultByte=0;
uint8_t i=0, a=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(4);
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(3);
a=0;
if(READ_SDA)
{
a=1;
}
else
{
a=0;
}
//resultByte = resultByte | a;
resultByte = (resultByte << 1) | a;
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(3);
}
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(10);
return resultByte;
}
void set_AHT20sendOutData(void)
{
AHT20sendOutData[3] = AHT20_OutData[0];
AHT20sendOutData[4] = AHT20_OutData[1];
AHT20sendOutData[5] = AHT20_OutData[2];
AHT20sendOutData[6] = AHT20_OutData[3];
}
void I2C_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(4);
}
void I2C_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
}
三、结果
接法:
具体接法参考百度。
实验结果: