Intro+Chap.1 总结《CL: An Introduction》 (Vyvyan Evans)

INTRODUCTION

1. Origin

• Dissaticfaction with formal approaches to language + The emergence of modern cognitive science in 1960s and 1970s
  = The establishment of International Cognitve Linguistic Society and the journal Cognitive Linguistics
  对形式语言学的不满加上认知科学的发展推动了认知语言学的形成

CHAPTER 1

1. Two functions of language

Symbolic function: by using symbols, language encodes and externalises thoughts.
Interactive function: speakers transmit information, hears decode and interpret information

2. The structure of language and of conceptual system

• Cognitive linguists think that systematic structure found in language reflect a systematic structure within the conceptual system.
  Moreover, the way the mind is structured can be seen as in part a reflection of the way thw world is structured and organized.
  语言的结构 —— 思维的结构 —— 世界的结构
  反映了 反映了
  ** Our conceptual system organises abstract concepts in terms of more concrete experiences.
  在概念结构中，人们会用具身/涉身体验来理解抽象概念。

3. What do cognitive linguists do? 认知语言学家如何研究语言？

• the foundation: the foundation for any linguistic theorising is descriptive adequacy
• the goal: to relate systematicity of language directly to the way the mind is patterned and structured
• the justification: language is viewed as a system directly reflects conceptual organization
• the steps: to describe language properties – to formulate hypothesis about how language is reprensented in mind – to test these hypotheses
• notifications: speaker intuitions are seen as a window to underlying system; and scitific cognition findings should be taken into consideration (in that language evidence can be quite imprecise).

4. What it means to know a language?

lexical words: to provide rich meaning and have a content function
grammatical words: to perform a structuring function, kind of scaffolding
从认知语言学角度认识语言，即是将语言分为实义词和语法词来认识。