Chap.5 总结《CL: An Introduction》 (Vyvyan Evans)_evans认知语言学导论what is cognitive semantics-CSDN博客

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PART II: Cognitive semantics

Chap. 5: What is cognitive semantics?

The origion of cognitive semantics

~ began in the 1970s as a reaction against the objectivist world-view in philosophy and the related approach, truth-conditional semantics in formal linguistics. 认知语义学是作为反客观主义哲学观和真值条件语义学而产生的。
Some descrptions:

Cognitive semantics sees linguistic meaning as a manifestation of conceptual structure: the nature and organization of mental representation in all its richness and diversity, and this is what makes it a distinctive approach to linguistic meaning. 认知语言学认为，语义是概念结构的表征。
By Leonard Talmy, “Research on cognitive semantics is research on conceptual content and its organization in language.” 认知语义学研究概念内容及其在语言形式中的表征/表达。

Guiding principles 指导原则

There are four guiding principles that collectively characterise the collection of approaches in cognitive semantics. 认知语义学共有四个指导原则：
-Conceptual structure is embodied (the “embodied cognition” thesis)
概念结构是涉身的。
-Semantic structure is conceptual structure.
语义结构是概念结构。
-Meaning representation is encyclopaedic.
意义表征是百科全书式的。
-Meaning construction is conceptualisation.
意义构建是一个概念化的过程。
These principles can be viewed as outcomes of the two key commitments. 这些指导原则可以被视为两大承诺的结果。
Conceptual structure is embodied 概念结构是涉身的
This thesis holds that the nature of conceptual organisation arises from bodily experience, so part of what makes conceptual structure meaningful is the bodily experience with which it is associated. 涉身体验帮助其所对应的概念结构获得了意义。
Semantic structure is conceptual structure 语义结构是概念结构
This principle holds that language refers to concepts in the mind of the speaker rather than to objects in the external world. 语言是指存在于说话人脑中的概念，而非存在于外在世界的事物。
However, the claim that semantic structure can be equated with conceptual structure does not mean that the two are identical. We have many more thoughts, ideas and feelings that we can encode in language. 但语言并不完全相对应于概念，因为语言往往不能表示我们全部的情感和想法（即thoughts, feelings and ideas > language) Furthurmore, the set of lexical concepts is only a subset of the entire set of concepts in the mind of the speaker.
Meaning construction is conceptualisation 意义构建是一个概念化的过程
This means that words do not represent neatly packaged bundles of meaning, but serve as “points of access” to vast repositories of knowledge relating to a particular concept or conceptual meaning. 单词不是代表边界清晰的意义，而是作为point of access指向更广泛的现实世界。
Meaning construction is conceptualisation 意义构建是一个概念化的过程
Language itself does not encode meaning. Instead, words are only prompts for the construction of meaning. Meaning is constructed at the conceptual level: meaning construction is equated with conceptualisation. 语言本身不表达含义，意义是在概念层面上被建构的，因此意义构建=概念化。