Yolov5 添加backbone方法

背景

在图像处理过程中，注意力机制对视觉信息的提取很重要，因为它涉及到算法所关注的特定部分。所以，不同的注意力机制，所关注的目标是不同的，即使，再好的神经网络，根据需要改变它的backbone，也许会得到意外的惊喜。下面就目前流行的yolov5网络，修改它的backbone做个Mark，添加的注意力机制是SE机制和MobileNet机制。

总体过程

1、创建新的网络模型结构文件；
2、修改models/common.py文件，添加机制的函数定义；
3、将注意力机制的名称，添加到models/yolo.py文件中；
4、将注意力添加到第一步的网络模型结构文件中；
5、修改网络模型结构文件中的其他参数；
6、修改训练文件中的’–cfg’参数（非必须，也可以命令行方式添加）。

具体步骤

第一步：

将models文件下的yolov5x.yaml，复制一份命名为yolov5x_SE.yaml和yolov5x_MobileNet.yaml；

第二步：

分别将SE注意力机制和MobileNet机制函数，添加到models/common.py文件末尾，如下：

class SE(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, ratio=16):
        super(SE, self).__init__()
        #c*1*1
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.l1 = nn.Linear(c1, c1 // ratio, bias=False)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.l2 = nn.Linear(c1 // ratio, c1, bias=False)
        self.sig = nn.Sigmoid()
    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
        y = self.avgpool(x).view(b, c)
        y = self.l1(y)
        y = self.relu(y)
        y = self.l2(y)
        y = self.sig(y)
        y = y.view(b, c, 1, 1)
        return x * y.expand_as(x)

# Mobilenetv3Small
class SeBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channel, reduction=4):
        super().__init__()
        self.Squeeze = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)

        self.Excitation = nn.Sequential()
        self.Excitation.add_module('FC1', nn.Conv2d(in_channel, in_channel // reduction, kernel_size=1))  # 1*1卷积与此效果相同
        self.Excitation.add_module('ReLU', nn.ReLU())
        self.Excitation.add_module('FC2', nn.Conv2d(in_channel // reduction, in_channel, kernel_size=1))
        self.Excitation.add_module('Sigmoid', nn.Sigmoid())

    def forward(self, x):
        y = self.Squeeze(x)
        ouput = self.Excitation(y)
        return x * (ouput.expand_as(x))


class Conv_BN_HSwish(nn.Module):
    """
    This equals to
    def conv_3x3_bn(inp, oup, stride):
        return nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(inp, oup, 3, stride, 1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),
            h_swish()
        )
    """

    def __init__(self, c1, c2, stride):
        super(Conv_BN_HSwish, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, 3, stride, 1, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.Hardswish()

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))


class MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, inp, oup, hidden_dim, kernel_size, stride, use_se, use_hs):
        super(MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, self).__init__()
        assert stride in [1, 2]

        self.identity = stride == 1 and inp == oup

        if inp == hidden_dim:
            self.conv = nn.Sequential(
                # dw
                nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, hidden_dim, kernel_size, stride, (kernel_size - 1) // 2, groups=hidden_dim,
                          bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim),
                nn.Hardswish() if use_hs else nn.ReLU(),
                # Squeeze-and-Excite
                SeBlock(hidden_dim) if use_se else nn.Sequential(),
                # pw-linear
                nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, oup, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),
            )
        else:
            self.conv = nn.Sequential(
                # pw
                nn.Conv2d(inp, hidden_dim, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim),
                nn.Hardswish() if use_hs else nn.ReLU(),
                # dw
                nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, hidden_dim, kernel_size, stride, (kernel_size - 1) // 2, groups=hidden_dim,
                          bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim),
                # Squeeze-and-Excite
                SeBlock(hidden_dim) if use_se else nn.Sequential(),
                nn.Hardswish() if use_hs else nn.ReLU(),
                # pw-linear
                nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, oup, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),
            )

    def forward(self, x):
        y = self.conv(x)
        if self.identity:
            return x + y
        else:
            return y

第三步：

将注意力机制的名字添加到models/yolo.py文件，位置如下：

第四步：

将注意力添加到第一步的网络模型结构文件中，SE机制添加到C3模块后面，SPPF模块前面；MobileNet机制则替换C3模块和SPPF模块，分别如下：

第五步：

修改网络模型结构文件中的其他参数，当网络中添加了新的层之后，则该层网络后续的编号都会发生改变
①　原本Detect指定的是[17,20,23]，在添加了注意力层后，就要对Detect层的参数进行修改，即原来的[17,20,23]分别变成[18,21,24]；
②　同理，concat的from系数也要修改，这样网络结构才不会发生大的改变，当把SE层添加到第9层，则第9层后的编号都会加1，所以后面两个concat的from系数分别由[-1,14],[-1,10]变成[-1,15],[-1,11]。

第六步：

训练文件’–cfg’参数修改成新的网络模型结构文件名：
最后放上完整的网络模型结构文件：
yolov5x_SE.yaml

# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license

# Parameters
nc: 10  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.25  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SE, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 13

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 15], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

   [[18, 21, 24], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

yolov5x_MobileNet.yaml

# YOLOv5 ? by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license

# Parameters
nc: 10  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.25  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

   # Mobilenetv3-small backbone
   # MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual [out_ch, hid_ch, k_s, stride, SE, HardSwish]
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv_BN_HSwish, [16, 2]],                              # 0-p1/2
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [16,  16, 3, 2, 1, 0]],  # 1-p2/4
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [24,  72, 3, 2, 0, 0]],  # 2-p3/8
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [24,  88, 3, 1, 0, 0]],  # 3
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [40,  96, 5, 2, 1, 1]],  # 4-p4/16
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [40, 240, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 5
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [40, 240, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 6
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [48, 120, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 7
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [48, 144, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 8
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [96, 288, 5, 2, 1, 1]],  # 9-p5/32
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [96, 576, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 10
   [-1, 1, MobileNetV3_InvertedResidual, [96, 576, 5, 1, 1, 1]],  # 11
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [96, 1, 1]],  # 12
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [144, False]],  # 15

   [-1, 1, Conv, [144, 1, 1]], # 16
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, C3, [168, False]],  # 19 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [168, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [312, False]],  # 22 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [312, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [408, False]],  # 25 (P5/32-large)

   [[19, 22, 25], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]