裸机安装ubuntu20-server版-系统配置

目录

网络配置

网线

wifi

固定ip

系统时间

生效设置

硬盘挂载

挂载500G-nvme盘

格式化 nvme0n1 为 ext4

挂载 nvme0n1 到 data1

mount挂载

开机自动挂载

挂载2T-机械盘

mount挂载

开机自动挂载

禁止开机刷屏cloud-init

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网络配置

网线

安装操作系统的过程中，如果机器连接了网线，又选择了自动上网，路由器会自动分配ip，系统安装完成后，会生成一个有线网络配置文件，如下

wifi

如果机器上有无线网卡或usb插口上有无线网卡，同样会在 /etc/netplan目录下生成一个wifi的无线配置文件

固定ip

系统时间

安装系统后，查看机器时间

date -R

如果时间不准，修改时间，如下

生效设置

sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai  /etc/localtime
date -R

硬盘挂载

本实验机器有3块盘，ubuntu系统安装在一个500G的ssd固态盘，还有一个500G的nvme固态盘，一个2T的机械硬盘

查看硬盘的使用情况

xx@xx:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for universe: 
Disk /dev/loop0: 61.93 MiB, 64917504 bytes, 126792 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 63.32 MiB, 66392064 bytes, 129672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 53.24 MiB, 55824384 bytes, 109032 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 91.85 MiB, 96292864 bytes, 188072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 67.25 MiB, 70508544 bytes, 137712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.96 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: J.ZAO QL SERIES 512GB SSD               
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 465.78 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 860 
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: E1307E06-34F1-4401-80D1-B7681B4E0D91

Device       Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048   2203647   2201600   1.1G EFI System
/dev/sda2  2203648 976771071 974567424 464.7G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdb: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: ST2000DM008-2FR1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe55cd637

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 3907029167 3907027120  1.8T 83 Linux

• /dev/nvme0n1是500G-nvme固态盘
• /dev/sdb1是2T-机械盘

查看3块硬盘：固态 or 机械

xx@xx:~$ cat /sys/block/sda/queue/rotational
0
xx@xx:~$ cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/rotational
1
xx@xx:~$ cat /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/rotational
0

• 0表示：非旋转，即为 固态硬盘

• 1表示：旋转，即为 机械硬盘

挂载500G-nvme盘

格式化 nvme0n1 为 ext4

xx@xx:~$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Creating filesystem with 125026902 4k blocks and 31260672 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5b606b38-ff9d-4e19-aa66-c74bcd3fa7ce
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

记住上面的uuid: 5b606b38-ff9d-4e19-aa66-c74bcd3fa7ce

挂载 nvme0n1 到 data1

根目录下 新建 data1 文件夹

sudo mkdir /data1

mount挂载

开机自动挂载

sudo vim /etc/fstab

挂载2T-机械盘

格式化/dev/sdb1，记住uuid，跟目录下新建data2文件夹

mount挂载

开机自动挂载

sudo vim /etc/fstab

禁止开机刷屏cloud-init

sudo touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled