第P2周：CIFAR10彩色图片识别

 >- **🍨 本文为[🔗365天深度学习训练营](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0dvHCaOoFnW8SCp3JpzKxg) 中的学习记录博客**
>- **🍖 原作者：[K同学啊](https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/)**

• 语言环境：Python3.8
• 编译器：Jupyter Lab
• 深度学习环境：
  • torch==2.3.1+cpu
  • torchvision==0.18.1+cpu

目录

1. 前期准备 

  1. 1设置cpu： 

  1.2 导入数据

  1.3 数据可视化

​编辑2. 构建简单的CNN网络

 3. 训练模型

  3. 1 设置超参数

  3.2 编写训练函数

  3.3 编写测试函数

  3.4 正式训练

4. 结果可视化

---

1. 前期准备 

  1. 1设置cpu： 

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torchvision

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

device

代码输出： 

device(type='cpu')

 1.2 导入数据

         使用dataset下载CIFAR10数据集，并划分好训练集与测试集

train_ds = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data', 
                                      train=True, 
                                      transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
                                      download=True)

test_ds  = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data', 
                                      train=False, 
                                      transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
                                      download=True)

         使用dataloader加载数据，并设置好基本的batch_size

batch_size = 32

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds, 
                                       batch_size=batch_size, 
                                       shuffle=True)

test_dl  = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds, 
                                       batch_size=batch_size)

imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
imgs.shape

代码输出：

torch.Size([32, 1, 28, 28])

  1.3 数据可视化

import numpy as np

# 指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5)) 
for i, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:20]):
    # 进行轴变换
    npimg = imgs.numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))
    # 将整个figure分成2行10列，绘制第i+1个子图。
    plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1)
    plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=plt.cm.binary)
    plt.axis('off')

2. 构建简单的CNN网络

import torch.nn.functional as F

num_classes = 10  # 图片的类别数

class Model(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
         # 特征提取网络
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3)   # 第一层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
        self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)       # 设置池化层，池化核大小为2*2
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3)  # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3   
        self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2) 
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3   
        self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2) 
                                      
        # 分类网络
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(512, 256)          
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, num_classes)
     # 前向传播
     def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))     
        x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = self.pool3(F.relu(self.conv3(x)))
        
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)

        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)
       
        return x

  加载并打印模型：

from torchinfo import summary
# 将模型转移到GPU中（我们模型运行均在GPU中进行）
model = Model().to(device)

summary(model)

输出：

=================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx)                   Param #
=================================================================
Model                                    --
├─Conv2d: 1-1                            1,792
├─MaxPool2d: 1-2                         --
├─Conv2d: 1-3                            36,928
├─MaxPool2d: 1-4                         --
├─Conv2d: 1-5                            73,856
├─MaxPool2d: 1-6                         --
├─Linear: 1-7                            131,328
├─Linear: 1-8                            2,570
=================================================================
Total params: 246,474
Trainable params: 246,474
Non-trainable params: 0
=================================================================

 3. 训练模型

   3. 1 设置超参数

loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-2 # 学习率
opt        = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)

  3.2 编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目，1875（60000/32）

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

  3.3 编写测试函数

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

  3.4 正式训练

epochs     = 10
train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
    
    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
    
    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')

代码输出：

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:14.6%, Train_loss:2.259, Test_acc:21.8%，Test_loss:2.075
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:26.0%, Train_loss:1.996, Test_acc:30.5%，Test_loss:1.889
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:34.5%, Train_loss:1.789, Test_acc:37.4%，Test_loss:1.737
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:41.2%, Train_loss:1.616, Test_acc:41.9%，Test_loss:1.566
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:45.0%, Train_loss:1.514, Test_acc:39.8%，Test_loss:1.660
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:48.3%, Train_loss:1.428, Test_acc:47.7%，Test_loss:1.431
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:51.1%, Train_loss:1.351, Test_acc:52.4%，Test_loss:1.337
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:54.2%, Train_loss:1.280, Test_acc:54.4%，Test_loss:1.292
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:56.9%, Train_loss:1.217, Test_acc:54.9%，Test_loss:1.275
Epoch:10, Train_acc:58.7%, Train_loss:1.163, Test_acc:56.9%，Test_loss:1.232
Done

4. 结果可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show() 

代码输出：

 个人碎碎念： 

        这周终于搞懂了CNN网络的构建，天呐，太不容易了，下周继续努力……