《大学英语语法》

establishedpreference lead depressingexcitementscenecheerfuleffectfewersharplyWhat is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people, and ( 1 ). Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than ( 2 ), and you tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know that, because they have been seriously studying the ( 3 ) colors have on human beings. They tell us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favorite color as we grow up,—we are born with our ( 4 ) .Colors do influence our moods. A yellow room makes most people feel more ( 5 ) and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is ( 6 ) . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the ( 7 ) of more suicides than other bridges in the area — until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell ( 8 ); perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been painted in pink or baby blue.Bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is an ( 9 ) fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have ( 10 ) accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

modifiedinresponsesraisestolerancemadebiotechnology artificialresistancevarietyThe appearance of genetically ( 1 ) foods in the marketplace has resulted ( 2 ) a firestorm of public debate, scientific discussion, and media coverage. A ( 3 ) of ecological and human health concerns come with the new advances ( 4 ) possible by genetic modification.What are the benefits?Genetically modified foods (GM foods or GMF) offer a way to quickly improve crop characteristics such as yield, pest ( 5 ), or herbicide ( 6 ), often to a degree not possible with traditional methods.Further，genetically modified crops can be manipulated to produce completely ( 7 ) substances, from the precursors to plastics to consumable vaccines.What are the risks?The power of genetic modification techniques ( 8 ) the possibility of human health， environmental，and economic problems，including unanticipated allergic ( 9 ) to novel substances in foods，the spread of pest resistance or herbicide tolerance to wild plants，inadvertent toxicity to benign wildlife, and increasing control of agriculture by ( 10 ) corporations.

measuremethodemployedabilitycompareaddedadoptsuccessfulreferenceresponsibleAs is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is ( 1 ) for calculations of pay，while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to ( 2 ) a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a ( 3 ) of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be ( 4 ), that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points,” which are ( 5 ) together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ( 6 ) to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without ( 7 ) to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should ( 8 ) the value of each job with these in the job market. Necessarily, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to ( 9 ) the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are ( 10 ).

in fact exist combinationdifferentadmitreliable whilelostimaginarywhether considered howeverIs there something as truth? For a good many centuries “the search for truth” has been ( 1 ) the noblest activity of the human mind, but the seekers after truth have come to such ( 2 ) conclusions that it often seems that very little progress has been made. ( 3 ) there are many people who feel that we are actually going backward. They ( 4 ) often contemptuously, that we have accumulated more “knowledge” than our ancestors, but they think we are farther from the truth than ever, or even that we have ( 5 ) the truth that we once possessed.If people look for anything long enough without finding it, the question naturally arises ( 6 ) the thing is really there to find. You have seen a picture of an animal with a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail—and maybe an eagle’s wings for good measure. There is plenty of evidence that each part of this animal ( 7 ) —there is no ( 8 ) evidence that the parts ever occur in this ( 9 ) It is at least conceivable that the seekers after “truth” have made a similar mistake and invented an ( 10 ) combination.

sanitary, safe, and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations to the ( 6 ) soldiers made her famous all over the world. Following the war, Nightingale ( 7 ) fame and continued to train nurse, ever battling ( 8 ) what she herself declared “a commonly received idea... that it requires nothing but a disappointment in love, or incapacity in other things, to ( 9 ) a woman into a good nurse.” Since 1921, her birthday ( 10 ) the centerpiece of National Hospital Week, observed in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions, workshops, and publicity drives.

historic secretlyrestorationwitnessedrouteleadinghonouredsetgrantedcitizenFrederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a ( 1 ) voice in the year before the Civil War. A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) ( 2 ) Douglass’s birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a ( 3 ) site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass’s personal possessions, had undergone a three-year ( 4 ). (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don’t have to live in the nation’s capital to visit it. Take a tour online.) He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black ( 5 ) to hold a government office — as US minister and consul general to Haiti. As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he ( 6 ) taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity. In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system ( 7 ) up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the ( 8 ) , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time. He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass ( 9 ) the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution, which ( 10 ) African-Americans the right to vote.

livingsimilarexceptionwheneversinglehoweveraseventually isolatedsharedwhereverdifferentThere is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the ( 1 ) of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people ( 2 ) in northern Europe who left their homelands and settled in England. ( 3 ) in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other and less and less like the other languages of Europe. ( 4 ), the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their ( 5 ) language. In time, people moved from the small island to many parts of the world, taking their language with them and thus still remaining members of the English speech community ( 6 ) they settled.A speech community is ( 7 ) to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, ( 8 ) they do in the neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. Many nations are composed of a ( 9 ) major speech community. National boundaries, ( 10 ), are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. Some nations are made up of many speech communities. A speech community, then, is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

请根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写一篇不少于100个词的短文。

1. The king ordered that ______________________________________________________ (这个人应该被释放).2. It’s time that we _________________________________________________________ (开会讨论这个问题).3. I asked him _____________________________________________________________ (他成功的秘诀是什么).4. In spite of the fact _______________________________________________________? (他最初的试验失败了).5. You must be aware that ____________________________________________________ (你正在做的一切是违法的).6. Which of us ____________________________________________________________ (懂得些物理知识的人) does not know this?7. The sh