聚类算法（python）

data.txt

name calories sodium alcohol cost
Budweiser 144 15 4.7 0.43
Schlitz 151 19 4.9 0.43
Lowenbrau 157 15 0.9 0.48
Kronenbourg 170 7 5.2 0.73
Heineken 152 11 5.0 0.77
Old_Milwaukee 145 23 4.6 0.28
Augsberger 175 24 5.5 0.40
Srohs_Bohemian_Style 149 27 4.7 0.42
Miller_Lite 99 10 4.3 0.43
Budweiser_Light 113 8 3.7 0.40
Coors 140 18 4.6 0.44
Coors_Light 102 15 4.1 0.46
Michelob_Light 135 11 4.2 0.50
Becks 150 19 4.7 0.76
Kirin 149 6 5.0 0.79
Pabst_Extra_Light 68 15 2.3 0.38
Hamms 139 19 4.4 0.43
Heilemans_Old_Style 144 24 4.9 0.43
Olympia_Goled_Light 72 6 2.9 0.46
Schlitz_Light 97 7 4.2 0.47

# beer dataset
import pandas as pd
beer = pd.read_csv('data.txt', sep=' ')
beer

X = beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]]

K-means clustering 

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

km = KMeans(n_clusters=3).fit(X)
km2 = KMeans(n_clusters=2).fit(X)

km.labels_

array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1])

beer['cluster'] = km.labels_
beer['cluster2'] = km2.labels_
beer.sort_values('cluster')

            ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pandas.tools'

from pandas.tools.plotting import scatter_matrix

改为：

from pandas.plotting import scatter_matrix

from pandas.plotting import scatter_matrix

%matplotlib inline

cluster_centers = km.cluster_centers_

cluster_centers_2 = km2.cluster_centers_

beer.groupby("cluster").mean()

beer.groupby("cluster2").mean()

centers = beer.groupby("cluster").mean().reset_index()

%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.size'] = 14

import numpy as np
colors = np.array(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow'])

plt.scatter(beer["calories"], beer["alcohol"],c=colors[beer["cluster"]])

plt.scatter(centers.calories, centers.alcohol, linewidths=3, marker='+', s=300, c='black')

plt.xlabel("Calories")
plt.ylabel("Alcohol")

          

scatter_matrix(beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]],s=100, alpha=1, c=colors[beer["cluster"]], figsize=(10,10))
plt.suptitle("With 3 centroids initialized")

Text(0.5, 0.98, 'With 3 centroids initialized')

scatter_matrix(beer[["calories","sodium","alcohol","cost"]],s=100, alpha=1, c=colors[beer["cluster2"]], figsize=(10,10))
plt.suptitle("With 2 centroids initialized")

 Scaled data

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X)
X_scaled

array([[ 0.38791334,  0.00779468,  0.43380786, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.6250656 ,  0.63136906,  0.62241997, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.82833896,  0.00779468, -3.14982226, -0.10269815],
       [ 1.26876459, -1.23935408,  0.90533814,  1.66795955],
       [ 0.65894449, -0.6157797 ,  0.71672602,  1.95126478],
       [ 0.42179223,  1.25494344,  0.3395018 , -1.5192243 ],
       [ 1.43815906,  1.41083704,  1.1882563 , -0.66930861],
       [ 0.55730781,  1.87851782,  0.43380786, -0.52765599],
       [-1.1366369 , -0.7716733 ,  0.05658363, -0.45682969],
       [-0.66233238, -1.08346049, -0.5092527 , -0.66930861],
       [ 0.25239776,  0.47547547,  0.3395018 , -0.38600338],
       [-1.03500022,  0.00779468, -0.13202848, -0.24435076],
       [ 0.08300329, -0.6157797 , -0.03772242,  0.03895447],
       [ 0.59118671,  0.63136906,  0.43380786,  1.88043848],
       [ 0.55730781, -1.39524768,  0.71672602,  2.0929174 ],
       [-2.18688263,  0.00779468, -1.82953748, -0.81096123],
       [ 0.21851887,  0.63136906,  0.15088969, -0.45682969],
       [ 0.38791334,  1.41083704,  0.62241997, -0.45682969],
       [-2.05136705, -1.39524768, -1.26370115, -0.24435076],
       [-1.20439469, -1.23935408, -0.03772242, -0.17352445]])

km = KMeans(n_clusters=3).fit(X_scaled)

beer["scaled_cluster"] = km.labels_
beer.sort_values("scaled_cluster")

beer.groupby("scaled_cluster").mean()

            AttributeError: module 'pandas' has no attribute 'scatter_matrix'

 将：

pd.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.scaled_cluster], alpha=1, figsize=(10,10), s=100)

改为：

pd.plotting.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.scaled_cluster], alpha=1, figsize=(10,10), s=100)

pd.plotting.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.scaled_cluster], alpha=1, figsize=(10,10), s=100)

聚类评估：轮廓系数（Silhouette Coefficient ）

• 计算样本i到同簇其他样本的平均距离ai。ai 越小，说明样本i越应该被聚类到该簇。将ai 称为样本i的簇内不相似度。
• 计算样本i到其他某簇Cj 的所有样本的平均距离bij，称为样本i与簇Cj 的不相似度。定义为样本i的簇间不相似度：bi =min{bi1, bi2, ..., bik}

• si接近1，则说明样本i聚类合理
• si接近-1，则说明样本i更应该分类到另外的簇
• 若si 近似为0，则说明样本i在两个簇的边界上。

from sklearn import metrics
score_scaled = metrics.silhouette_score(X,beer.scaled_cluster)
score = metrics.silhouette_score(X,beer.cluster)
print(score_scaled, score)

0.179780680894 0.673177504646

scores = []
for k in range(2,20):
    labels = KMeans(n_clusters=k).fit(X).labels_
    score = metrics.silhouette_score(X, labels)
    scores.append(score)

scores

[0.69176560340794857,
 0.67317750464557957,
 0.58570407211277953,
 0.42254873351720201,
 0.4559182167013377,
 0.43776116697963124,
 0.38946337473125997,
 0.39746405172426014,
 0.33061511213823314,
 0.34131096180393328,
 0.34597752371272478,
 0.31221439248428434,
 0.30707782144770296,
 0.31834561839139497,
 0.28495140011748982,
 0.23498077333071996,
 0.15880910174962809,
 0.084230513801511767]

plt.plot(list(range(2,20)), scores)
plt.xlabel("Number of Clusters Initialized")
plt.ylabel("Sihouette Score")

Text(0, 0.5, 'Sihouette Score')

            

DBSCAN clustering

from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN
db = DBSCAN(eps=10, min_samples=2).fit(X)

labels = db.labels_

beer['cluster_db'] = labels
beer.sort_values('cluster_db')

beer.groupby('cluster_db').mean()

pd.plotting.scatter_matrix(X, c=colors[beer.cluster_db], figsize=(10,10), s=100)

array([[<AxesSubplot:xlabel='calories', ylabel='calories'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='sodium', ylabel='calories'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='alcohol', ylabel='calories'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='cost', ylabel='calories'>],
       [<AxesSubplot:xlabel='calories', ylabel='sodium'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='sodium', ylabel='sodium'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='alcohol', ylabel='sodium'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='cost', ylabel='sodium'>],
       [<AxesSubplot:xlabel='calories', ylabel='alcohol'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='sodium', ylabel='alcohol'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='alcohol', ylabel='alcohol'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='cost', ylabel='alcohol'>],
       [<AxesSubplot:xlabel='calories', ylabel='cost'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='sodium', ylabel='cost'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='alcohol', ylabel='cost'>,
        <AxesSubplot:xlabel='cost', ylabel='cost'>]], dtype=object)