Python数据分析与展示（笔记三）

Matplotlib库介绍

Matplotlib库：是Python优秀的数据可视化第三方库。

地址：Thumbnail gallery — Matplotlib 2.0.2 documentation

导入：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

使用：

plt.plot([3,1,4,5,2])
plt.ylabel("Grade")
plt.savefig('test',dpi=600) #plt.savefig()将输出图形存储为文件，默认PNG格式，可以通过dpi修改输出质量。
plt.show()

plot()函数

官方文档：matplotlib.pyplot.plot — Matplotlib 3.5.1 documentation

格式：

plt.plot(x, y, ls='-', lw=2, label='xxx', color='g' )

• x： x轴上的值
• y： y轴上的值
• ls：线条风格 (linestyle)
• lw：线条宽度 (linewidth)
• label：标签文本

matplotlib.pyplot 示例

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0.5, 10, 1000)
y = np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x, y, ls='-', lw=2, label='cosine', color='purple')

plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('independent variable')
plt.ylabel('dependent variable')
plt.show()

pylab

#figure for 2D data
from pylab import plot, show
from sec import *
plot(data[target=='setosa',0],data[target=='setosa',2],'bo')#data来自一个数据集
plot(data[target=='versicolor',0],data[target=='versicolor',2],'r+')
plot(data[target=='virginica',0],data[target=='virginica',2],'g*')
show()

#figure for all 4D（4个维度） data, 同色一类，圈是花萼，加号花瓣
setosa_sepal_x = ssx = data[target == 'setosa', 0]
setosa_sepal_y = ssy = data[target == 'setosa', 1]
setosa_petal_x = spx = data[target == 'setosa', 2]
setosa_petal_y = spy = data[target == 'setosa', 3]

versicolor_sepal_x = vsx = data[target == 'versicolor', 0]
versicolor_sepal_y = vsy = data[target == 'versicolor', 1]
versicolor_petal_x = vpx = data[target == 'versicolor', 2]
versicolor_petal_y = vpy = data[target == 'versicolor', 3]

virginica_sepal_x = vgsx = data[target == 'virginica', 0]
virginica_sepal_y = vgsy = data[target == 'virginica', 1]
virginica_petal_x = vgpx = data[target == 'virginica', 2]
virginica_petal_y = vgpy = data[target == 'virginica', 3]

plot(ssx, ssy, 'bo', spx, spy, 'b+')
plot(vsx, vsy, 'ro', vpx, vpy, 'r+')
plot(vgsx, vgsy, 'go', vgpx, vgpy, 'g+')
show()