流固耦合-1

★★★渗流模式：

一、zone water density和zone initial fluid-density

①zone water density在无渗流模式（未设置model configure fluid）下使用；仅用于水位面设置命令（zone water plane）之前；

注：zone water plane origin （0,0,5） normal （0,0,1）

②zone initial fluid-density在渗流模式（设置model configure fluid）下使用；设置流体的密度。

二、密度

①渗流模式下：只设置干密度，flac会自动计算每个单元的饱和重度；

②无渗流模式下：需要对水下单元设置饱和重度——唯一设置饱和重度的情况；

三、zone gridpoint fix （zone apply fix） pore-pressure 孔压值 range 节点范围→区别

①zone gridpoint fix pore-pressure 孔压值，可以跟随一个固定的孔压值，表示所选范围内的所有节点拥有相同的孔压；也可以不给定孔压值，表示所选范围内节点保持原有的孔压值不变。

在设置特定的孔压边界时，可以配合initial pore-pressure使用，表示有效应力不变，总应力变化；

zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure 30e3 gradient 0 0 -10e3 range position-x -0.1 0.1

②apply pp命令后可以使用gradient关键词来表示孔压变化梯度，或使用table和fish进行孔压值定义

四、其他渗透边界

①节点的流量渗流边界：zone gridpoint fix well 流量

②单元的渗流边界条件：zone apply well 流量

③平面的渗流边界条件：

Ⅰ通量边界条件：通过平面的流量在平面法向方向的分量zone face apply discharge 渗流通量

Ⅱ渗漏边界：zone face apply leakage V1 V2

五、选择流固求解方法

考虑三种因素：力学时标和扩散特征时间比值；施加扰动的属性（流体or力学扰动）；流固刚度比

完全流固耦合分析：

Ⅰ孔压的改变引起体积应变的变化，进而影响应力；

Ⅱ应变的发生也会影响孔压的改变；

一般地，力学扰动都是瞬时的，而渗流往往需要更长的时间，比如土体中超孔隙水压力的消散与固结往往要发生数小时、数天的时间；

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1.流固耦合板块教程介绍及核心问题

model new
; Create zones
zone create cylinder point 0 (0,0,0) point 1 (1,0,0) point 2 (0,2,0) ...
                     point 3 (0,0,1) size 4 5 4
zone reflect normal (1,0,0)
zone reflect normal (0,0,1)
; Constitutive Model and properties
zone cmodel assign strain-softening 
zone property bulk 1.19e10 shear 1.1e10
zone property cohesion 2.72e5 friction 44 tension 2e5
zone property table-cohesion 'coh' table-friction 'fri'
;help文件→Theory and Background→Constitutive Models→Plastic Model Group→Strain-Softening有介绍
table 'coh' add (0,2.72e5) (1e-4,2e5) (2e-4,1.5e5) (3e-4,1.03e5) (1,1.03e5)
table 'fri' add (0,44) (1e-4,42) (2e-4,40) (3e-4,38) (1,38)
; Boundary Conditions
zone face apply velocity (0, 2e-7,0) range position-y -0.1 0.1 
zone face apply velocity (0,0,0) range position-y 1.9 2.01
; Histories
zone history displacement-y position (0,0,0)
zone history stress-yy position (0,1,0)
zone history stress-yy position (1,1,0)

zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure 1e5

model step 3000
model save 'Softening'

2.渗流场本构模型的选择命令

zone fluid cmodel assign isotropic （anisotropic/null） range+范围

注意：不透水区域和不透水边界的区分

model new
model config fluid ;加载渗流场板块
model fluid active on
zone fluid biot off
;二者紧跟渗流板块，默认打开，若需关闭将on改为off

; Create zones
zone create brick  size 8 5 10 
zone face skin
; Mech constitutive model and properties
zone cmodel assign elastic
zone property bulk 1e9 shear 5e8 density 2000
; Fluid constitutive model and properties
zone fluid cmodel assign isotropic
zone fluid property porosity 0.45 permeability 2e-10
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-modulus 2e9
zone initialize fluid-density 1e3
; Boundary Conditions
zone face apply velocity-normal 0 range group 'East' or 'West'
zone face apply velocity-normal 0 range group 'North' or 'South'
zone face apply velocity-normal 0 range group 'Bottom'
; Initial conditions
model gravity 10
zone water density 1e3
zone water plane origin (0,0,1) normal (0,0,1)
;zone gridpoint initialize saturation 0 range position-z 3.1 5 
zone initialize-stress ratio 0.5
model solve

3.渗流场的参数介绍

①比奥系数的默认值=1，孔隙率的默认值=0.5；

zone fluid property porosity 0.45

zone fluid property biot 0.85

zone fluid property permeability 2e-10

zone gridpoint initialize fluid-modulus 2e9

zone gridpoint initialize saturation 0.9

zone gridpoint initialize fluid-tension -1e6

zone initialize fluid-density 1e3  ★★★★  zone water density 1e3

②FLAC渗透系数=传统土力学渗透系数/9.8e3（≈1e4）

③比奥系数：孔隙压力变化时，材料单元中流体体积的获得（或损失）与该单元体积变化的的比值。默认值为1，其值介于0~1之间，越接近1越不可被压缩。

zone fluid biot on自定义打开，此时渗流场计算用比奥系数和比奥模量计算；

zone fluid biot off默认情况，渗流场计算用流体模量（2e9）和孔隙率计算

（此时，比奥系数为1.0，表示颗粒不可压缩，模型骨架可以压缩）

4.渗流案例-具有自由表面稳态流模拟

model new
fish define qflac
    local qval  = 0.0
    loop foreach local pnt gp.list
        local fval = gp.pos.x(pnt) - 0.001
        if fval < 0.0 then
            qval = qval + gp.flow(pnt)
        end_if
    end_loop
    qflac = qval /0.15 ; scale for unit thickness
    global qsol = 1e-10*1e3*10.*(6.*6.-1.2*1.2)/(2.*9.)
end
;生成一个渗透面
fish define show_seepage_face
    local name = 'seepage_face'
    local gset = geom.set.find(name)
    if gset # null then
        local ii = geom.set.remove(name)
    endif
    gset = geom.set.create(name)
    local n1 = geom.node.create(gset,vector(9.0,0,1.2))
    local n2 = geom.node.create(gset,vector(9.0,0,1.8))
    local e1 = geom.edge.create(gset,n1,n2)
end
model title "Steady state flow through a vertical embankment-case 1-4"

model configure fluid
zone create brick size 30 1 20 point 1 (9.0,0,0) point 2 (0,0.15,0) ...
                               point 3 (0,0,6.0)
; --- fluid flow model ---
zone fluid cmodel assign isotropic
zone fluid property permeability 1e-10 porosity 0.3
zone fluid biot off
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-modulus 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize saturation 0.0
zone gridpoint initialize saturation 1.0   ...
                          range union position-x 0 position-z 0.0 1.19
zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure 1.2e4 grad (0,0,-1e4) ...
                          range position-z 0.0 1.19
zone face apply pore-pressure 6.0e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          range position-x 0.0
zone face apply pore-pressure 1.2e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          range position-x 9.0 position-z 0.0 1.19
zone face apply pore-pressure 0.0 ...
                          range position-x 9.0 position-z 1.2 6.0
; Add particle tracks
zone fluid track create line begin (0,0.1,0.5) end (0,0.1,5.5) ...
                             segment 12 group "set1"
zone fluid track active on
; --- settings ---
zone initialize fluid-density 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-tension 0.0
model gravity 0 0 -10
model mechanical active off
model fluid active on
; --- test ---
model solve ratio 1.e-3
[show_seepage_face]
list @qflac @qsol   ;输出数值模拟和理论计算结果
model save '1-4'
return

model new
model title "Steady state flow through a vertical embankment-case 2"

fish define qflac
    local qval  = 0.0
    loop foreach local pnt gp.list
        local fval = gp.pos.x(pnt) - 0.001
        if fval < 0.0 then
            qval = qval + gp.flow(pnt)
        end_if
    end_loop
    qflac = qval /0.15 ; scale for unit thickness
    global qsol = 1e-10*1e3*10.*(6.*6.-1.2*1.2)/(2.*9.)
end

fish define show_seepage_face
    local name = 'seepage_face'
    local gset = geom.set.find(name)
    if gset # null then
        local ii = geom.set.remove(name)
    endif
    gset = geom.set.create(name)
    local n1 = geom.node.create(gset,vector(9.0,0,1.2))
    local n2 = geom.node.create(gset,vector(9.0,0,1.8))
    local e1 = geom.edge.create(gset,n1,n2)
end

model configure fluid
zone create brick size 30 1 20 point 1 (9.0,0,0) point 2 (0,0.15,0) ...
                               point 3 (0,0,6.0)
; --- fluid flow model ---
zone fluid cmodel assign isotropic
zone fluid property permeability 1e-10 porosity 0.3
zone fluid biot off
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-modulus 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize saturation 1.0
zone gridpoint initialize saturation 0.0 ...
                          range position (0.01,0,5.99) (6.0,0.15,6.0)
zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure 6.0e4 grad (0,0,-1e4) ...
                          range position-z 0.0 6.0


zone face apply pore-pressure 6.0e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          range position-x 0.0
zone face apply pore-pressure 1.2e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          range position (9.0,0,0) (9.0,0.15,1.19)
zone face apply pore-pressure 0.0 ...
                          range position (9.0,0,1.2) (9.0,0.15,6.0)
; --- settings ---
zone initialize fluid-density 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-tension 0.0
model gravity 0 0 -10
model mechanical active off
model fluid active on
; --- test ---
model solve ratio 1e-3
@show_seepage_face
list @qflac @qsol
model save 'ch2b'

5.渗流边界条件

model new
model title "Steady state flow through a vertical embankment-case 1-5"

fish define qflac
    local qval  = 0.0
    loop foreach local pnt gp.list
        local fval = gp.pos.x(pnt) - 0.01
        if fval < 0.0 then
            qval = qval + gp.flow(pnt)
        end_if
    end_loop
    qflac = qval /3 ; scale for unit thickness
    global qsol = 1e-10*1e3*10.*(6.*6.-1.2*1.2)/(2.*9.)
end

fish define cxj
    local px  = 0.0 
    Paixie=0
    
    loop foreach local qq gp.list
        local e = gp.pos.x(qq) + 0.1
        if e >= 9.0 then
            px = px + gp.flow(qq)
        end_if
    end_loop
    Paixie = px/3 ; scale for unit thickness
    
    z0=gp.near(9,0.5,0)
    z00=gp.near(9,1.5,0)
    z1=gp.near(9,1.5,1)
    z2=gp.near(9,1.5,2)
    z3=gp.near(9,1.5,3)
    z4=gp.near(9,1.5,4)
    z5=gp.near(9,1.5,5)
    z6=gp.near(9,1.5,6)
    
    Zq0=gp.flow(z0)
    Zq00=gp.flow(z00)
    Zq1=gp.flow(z1)
    Zq2=gp.flow(z2)
     Zq3=gp.flow(z3)
    Zq4=gp.flow(z4)
    Zq5=gp.flow(z5)
    Zq6=gp.flow(z6)

end

model configure fluid
zone create brick size 30 5 20   point 1 (9.0,0,0) point 2 (0,3,0) ...
                               point 3 (0,0,6.0) 
                               
zone group 'n' range position-x 8 9 position-z 0 4
; --- fluid flow model ---
zone fluid cmodel assign isotropic
;zone fluid cmodel assign null range group 'n'
zone fluid property permeability 1e-9 porosity 0.3
zone fluid biot off
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-modulus 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize saturation 1
;zone gridpoint initialize saturation 1.0   ...
                          ;range union position-x 0 position-z 0.0 1.19
zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure 12e4 grad (0,0,-1e4) ...
                          range position-x 0.0

;range position-x 0.0  X=0面上；；；；

zone face apply pore-pressure 12e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          range position-x 0.0
                       
;zone face apply pore-pressure 12e4 grad 0 0 -1e4 ...
                          ;range position-x 9.0 ;position-z 0 4
zone face apply pore-pressure 0.0 range position-z 0 position-x 5 6


; Add particle tracks
zone fluid track create line begin (0,1.5,0) end (0,1.5,6) ...
                             segment 12 group "set1"
zone fluid track active on
; --- settings ---
zone initialize fluid-density 1e3
zone gridpoint initialize fluid-tension 0.0
model gravity 0 0 -10
model mechanical active off
model fluid active on
; --- test ---
model step 5000
;model solve ratio 8.e-3
@cxj
list @qflac @qsol @Paixie

list @Zq0 @Zq00 @Zq1 @Zq2 @Zq4 @Zq5 @Zq6
model save '1-5'

zone gridpoint initialize pore-pressure（左）zone face apply pore-pressure（右）

水位←←→→水头

6.渗流场FISH函数

①FISH 的目的：纯计算、内置变量调用、内置变量反调用、一些commond功能加强；；

②自定义变量：全局（local）和局部（global）

③FISH函数等号约定：右边的值给左边，并保持数据类型；

④

节点内置变量	单元内置变量
gp.biot.modulus	zone.flux
gp.pp	zone.fluid.model
gp.pp.fix	zone.fluid.prop
gp.flow	zone.fluid.ratio
gp.fluid.modulus	zone.fluid.stress.normal
gp.fluid.tension	zone.fluid.time.total
gp.sat	zone.fluid.timestep