类的静态成员(static)

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 11:32:27 发布

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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
    static int count;        //班级人数     静态数据成员
    static double total;     //班级的总分   静态数据成员

    Student(double score)
    {
        this->score = score;
        count++;
        total += score;
    }
private:
    double score;
};

int Student::count = 0;          //static成员初始化
double Student::total = 0;       //static成员初始化
int main()
{
    cout << Student::count << endl;
    cout << Student::total << endl;
    Student s1(70);
    cout << Student::count << endl;
    cout << Student::total << endl;
    cout << s1.count << endl;
    return 0;
}

普通：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
    static int count;        //班级人数     静态数据成员
    static double total;     //班级的总分   静态数据成员

    Student(double score)
    {
        this->score = score;
        count++;
        total += score;
    }
    double getAverage()
    {
        return total / count;
    }
private:
    double score;
};

int Student::count = 0;          //static成员初始化
double Student::total = 0;       //static成员初始化
int main()
{
    Student s1(70), s2(80);
    cout << s1.getAverage() << endl;
    return 0;
}

静态：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
    static int count;        //班级人数     静态数据成员
    static double total;     //班级的总分   静态数据成员

    Student(double score)
    {
        this->score = score;
        count++;
        total += score;
    }
    static double getAverage()
    {
        //错误：cout<<score<<endl;   静态成员函数不能访问类中的非静态成员
        return total / count;
    }
private:
    double score;
};

int Student::count = 0;          //static成员初始化
double Student::total = 0;       //static成员初始化
int main()
{
    Student s1(70), s2(80);
    cout <<Student::getAverage() << endl;
    return 0;
}

也可：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
    static int count;        //班级人数     静态数据成员
    static double total;     //班级的总分   静态数据成员

    Student(double score)
    {
        this->score = score;
        count++;
        total += score;
    }
    static double getAverage()
    {
        return total / count;
    }
private:
    double score;
};

int Student::count = 0;          //static成员初始化
double Student::total = 0;       //static成员初始化
int main()
{
    Student s[3] = { Student(70),Student(80),Student(90) };//定义对象数组
    cout <<Student::getAverage() << endl;
    cout << s[0].count << endl;  //三个对象已经建立完成了，count已经++过了。
    //cout << s[1].count << endl;   也为3。改成s[2]也是3。
    cout << Student::count << endl;
    return 0;
}