Ubuntu18.04下OpenCV2.4.13，及常见错误的解决方案。

从GitHub下载opencv2.4.13，然后解压：

wget https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/2.4.13.zip
unzip 2.4.13.zip

然后进入到OpenCV的目录下，开始编译安装OpenCV2.4.13的源码。

cd opencv-2.4.13
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. 
make
sudo make install

常见问题，及解决方式

常见问题1：

CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVPackaging.cmake:23 (message):
CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION does not match version provided by version.hpp
header!
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:1105 (include)

解决方式：
打开OpenCV-2,4,13下的CMakeList.txt文件。
找到这里

find_host_program(GIT_EXECUTABLE NAMES ${git_names} PATH_SUFFIXES Git/cmd Git/bin DOC "git command line client")
mark_as_advanced(GIT_EXECUTABLE)

if(GIT_EXECUTABLE)
  execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --tags --always --dirty --match "2.[0-9].[0-9]*"
    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${OpenCV_SOURCE_DIR}"
    OUTPUT_VARIABLE OPENCV_VCSVERSION
    RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_RESULT
    ERROR_QUIET
    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
  )
  if(NOT GIT_RESULT EQUAL 0)
    set(OPENCV_VCSVERSION "unknown")
  endif()
else()
  # We don't have git:
  set(OPENCV_VCSVERSION "unknown")
endif()

把这两句“set(OPENCV_VCSVERSION “unknown”)”注释掉，
分别加上这句“set(OPENCV_VCSVERSION “2.4.13”)”
点击保存，即可。

常见问题2：

CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVDetectCXXCompiler.cmake:85 (list):
list GET given empty list
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:89 (include)

CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVDetectCXXCompiler.cmake:86 (list):
list GET given empty list
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:89 (include)

CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVDetectCXXCompiler.cmake:89 (math):
math cannot parse the expression: "*100 + ": syntax error, unexpected
exp_TIMES, expecting exp_PLUS or exp_MINUS or exp_OPENPARENT or exp_NUMBER
(1)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:89 (include)

解决方式：

打开OpenCV-2.4.13下的cmake文件夹下的OpenCVDetectopiler.cmake文件

大概在中间位置，修改第67行"-dumpversion" 为 “-dumpfullversion”

原因是GCC版本太高了（>6），无法获取所有版本的编译器。

常见问题3：

/usr/include/c++/7/cstdlib:75:15: fatal error: stdlib.h: 没有那个文件或目录
#include_next <stdlib.h>
^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.

解决方案：
在执行语句

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

时，改为

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF ..

，然后再执行make.

参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/mysea2004/article/details/72566730.
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/9430/files.
https://blog.csdn.net/Stackingrule/article/details/90146828.