只放英文，原汁原味！
RINEX: The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 2
Rinex格式文件结构：节、记录、字段、列；
节：文件头和数据记录
记录：每一节有若干记录
记录：一般为一行，每行最大字符数为80；
一、 THE PHILOSOPHY OF RINEX
Rinex格式起源于一个项目，需要将不同接收机的数据汇总归类，以方便处理：
一般Rinex格式数据包括：载波相位、伪距、信号观测时间。
The first proposal for the "Receiver Independent Exchange Format" RINEX has
been developed by the Astronomical Institute of the University of Berne for
the easy exchange of the GPS data to be collected during the large European
GPS campaign EUREF 89, which involved more than 60 GPS receivers of 4
different manufacturers. The governing aspect during the development was
the following fact:
Most geodetic processing software for GPS data use a well-defined set of
observables:
- the carrier-phase measurement at one or both carriers (actually being a
measurement on the beat frequency between the received carrier of the
satellite signal and a receiver-generated reference frequency).
- the pseudorange (code) measurement, equivalent to the difference of the
time of reception (expressed in the time frame of the receiver) and the
time of transmission (expressed in the time frame of the satellite) of a
distinct satellite signal.
- the observation time being the reading of the receiver clock at the
instant of validity of the carrier-phase and/or the code measurements.
Usually the software assumes that the observation time is valid for both
the phase AND the code measurements, AND for all satellites observed.
Consequently all these programs do not need most of the information that is
usually stored by the receivers: They need phase, code, and time in the
above mentioned definitions, and some station-related information like
station name, antenna height, etc.二、GENERAL FORMAT DESCRIPTION
Currently the format consists of four ASCII file types: 文件类型
1. Observation Data File
2. Navigation Message File
3. Meteorological Data File
4. GLONASS Navigation Message File
三、 DEFINITION OF THE OBSERVABLES
Time、伪距/Range、Phase、Doppler术语在Rinex中表示的内容：
GPS observables include three fundamental quantities that need to be
defined: Time, Phase, and Range.
TIME:
The time of the measurement is the receiver time of the received signals.
It is identical for the phase and range measurements and is identical for
all satellites observed at that epoch. It is expressed in GPS time (not
Universal Time).
PSEUDO-RANGE:
The pseudo-range (PR) is the distance from the receiver antenna to the
satellite antenna including receiver and satellite clock offsets (and
other biases, such as atmospheric delays):
PR = distance +
c * (receiver clock offset - satellite clock offset +
other biases)
so that the pseudo-range reflects the actual behavior of the receiver
and satellite clocks. The pseudo-range is stored in units of meters.
See also clarifications for pseudoranges in mixed GPS/GLONASS files in
chapter 8.1.
PHASE:
The phase is the carrier-phase measured in whole cycles at both L1 and
L2. The half-cycles measured by sqaring-type receivers must be converted
to whole cycles and flagged by the wavelength factor in the header
section.
The phase changes in the same sense as the range (negative doppler). The
phase observations between epochs must be connected by including the
integer number of cycles. The phase observations will not contain any
systematic drifts from intentional offsets of the reference oscillators.
The observables are not corrected for external effects like atmospheric
refraction, satellite clock offsets, etc.
If the receiver or the converter software adjusts the measurements using
the real-time-derived receiver clock offsets dT(r), the consistency of the
3 quantities phase / pseudo-range / epoch must be maintained, i.e. the
receiver clock correction should be applied to all 3 observables:
Time(corr) = Time(r) - dT(r)
PR(corr) = PR(r) - dT(r)*c
phase(corr) = phase(r) - dT(r)*freq
DOPPLER:
The sign of the doppler shift as additional observable is defined as usual:
Positive for approaching satellites.四、文件的命名方式 THE EXCHANGE OF RINEX FILES:
We recommend using the following naming convention for RINEX files:
ssssdddf.yyt ssss: 4-character station name designator
ddd: day of the year of first record
f: file sequence number within day
0: file contains all the existing
data of the current day
yy: year
t: file type:
O: Observation file
N: Navigation file
M: Meteorological data file
G: GLONASS Navigation file五、RINEX VERSION 2 FORMAT DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES
1、GPS观测文件
1.1、观测文件之头文件介绍：
其中 */星号标记部分为可有可无。（Records marked with * are optional）
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A1 |
| OBSERVATION DATA FILE - HEADER SECTION DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| HEADER LABEL | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
| (Columns 61-80) | | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|RINEX VERSION / TYPE| - Format version (2) | I6,14X, |
| | - File type ('O' for Observation Data) | A1,19X, |
| | - Satellite System: blank or 'G': GPS | A1,19X |
| | 'R': GLONASS | |
| | 'T': NNSS Transit | |
| | 'M': Mixed | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PGM / RUN BY / DATE | - Name of program creating current file | A20, |
| | - Name of agency creating current file | A20, |
| | - Date of file creation | A20 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|COMMENT | Comment line(s) | A60 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|MARKER NAME | Name of antenna marker | A60 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|MARKER NUMBER | Number of antenna marker | A20 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|OBSERVER / AGENCY | Name of observer / agency | A20,A40 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|REC # / TYPE / VERS | Receiver number, type, and version | 3A20 |
| | (Version: e.g. Internal Software Version)| |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|ANT # / TYPE | Antenna number and type | 2A20 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|APPROX POSITION XYZ | Approximate marker position (WGS84) | 3F14.4 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|ANTENNA: DELTA H/E/N| - Antenna height: Height of bottom | 3F14.4 |
| | surface of antenna above marker | |
| | - Eccentricities of antenna center | |
| | relative to marker to the east | |
| | and north (all units in meters) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2| - Wavelength factors for L1 and L2 | 2I6, |
| | 1: Full cycle ambiguities | |
| | 2: Half cycle ambiguities (squaring) | |
| | 0 (in L2): Single frequency instrument | |
| | - Number of satellites to follow in list | I6, |
| | for which these factors are valid. | |
| | 0 or blank: Default wavelength factors | |
| | for all satellites not contained in | |
| | such a list. | |
| | - List of PRNs (satellite numbers) | 7(3X,A1,I2)|
| | | |
| | Repeat record if necessary | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|# / TYPES OF OBSERV | - Number of different observation types | I6, |
| | stored in the file | |
| | - Observation types | 9(4X,A2) |
| | | |
| | If more than 9 observation types: | |
| | Use continuation line(s) |6X,9(4X,A2) |
| | | |
| | The following observation types are | |
| | defined in RINEX Version 2: | |
| | | |
| | L1, L2: Phase measurements on L1 and L2 | |
| | C1 : Pseudorange using C/A-Code on L1 | |
| | P1, P2: Pseudorange using P-Code on L1,L2| |
| | D1, D2: Doppler frequency on L1 and L2 | |
| | T1, T2: Transit Integrated Doppler on | |
| | 150 (T1) and 400 MHz (T2) | |
| | | |
| | Observations collected under Antispoofing| |
| | are converted to "L2" or "P2" and flagged| |
| | with bit 2 of loss of lock indicator | |
| | (see Table A2). | |
| | | |
| | Units : Phase : full cycles | |
| | Pseudorange : meters | |
| | Doppler : Hz | |
| | Transit : cycles | |
| | | |
| | The sequence of the types in this record | |
| | has to correspond to the sequence of the | |
| | observations in the observation records | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|INTERVAL | Observation interval in seconds | I6 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|TIME OF FIRST OBS | - Time of first observation record | 5I6,F12.6, |
| | (4-digit-year, month,day,hour,min,sec) | |
| | - Time system: GPS (=GPS time system) | 6X,A3 |
| | GLO (=UTC time system) | |
| | Compulsory in mixed GPS/GLONASS files | |
| | Defaults: GPS for pure GPS files | |
| | GLO for pure GLONASS files | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|TIME OF LAST OBS | - Time of last observation record | 5I6,F12.6, |*
| | (4-digit-year, month,day,hour,min,sec) | |
| | - Time system: GPS (=GPS time system) | 6X,A3 |
| | GLO (=UTC time system) | |
| | Compulsory in mixed GPS/GLONASS files | |
| | Defaults: GPS for pure GPS files | |
| | GLO for pure GLONASS files | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|LEAP SECONDS | Number of leap seconds since 6-Jan-1980 | I6 |*
| | Recommended for mixed GPS/GLONASS files | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|# OF SATELLITES | Number of satellites, for which | I6 |*
| | observations are stored in the file | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|PRN / # OF OBS | PRN (sat.number), number of observations |3X,A1,I2,9I6|*
| | for each observation type indicated | |
| | in the "# / TYPES OF OBSERV" - record. | |
| | | |
| | If more than 9 observation types: | |
| | Use continuation line(s) | 6X,9I6 |
| | | |
| | This record is (these records are) | |
| | repeated for each satellite present in | |
| | the data file | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|END OF HEADER | Last record in the header section. | 60X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+1.2、观测文件之数据部分介绍：
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A2 |
| OBSERVATION DATA FILE - DATA RECORD DESCRIPTION |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+
| OBS. RECORD | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+
| EPOCH/SAT | - Epoch : | 5I3,F11.7, |
| or | year (2 digits), month,day,hour,min,sec | |
| EVENT FLAG | - Epoch flag 0: OK | I3, |
| | 1: power failure between | |
| | previous and current epoch | |
| | >1: Event flag | |
| | - Number of satellites in current epoch | I3, |
| | - List of PRNs (sat.numbers) in current epoch | 12(A1,I2), |
| | - receiver clock offset (seconds, optional) | F12.9 |
| | | |
| | If more than 12 satellites: Use continuation | 32X, |
| | line(s) | 12(A1,I2) |
| | | |
| | If EVENT FLAG record (epoch flag > 1): | |
| | - Event flag: | |
| | 2: start moving antenna | |
| | 3: new site occupation (end of kinem. data) | |
| | (at least MARKER NAME record follows) | |
| | 4: header information follows | |
| | 5: external event (epoch is significant, | |
| | same time frame as observation time tags)| |
| | 6: cycle slip records follow to optionally | |
| | report detected and repaired cycle slips | |
| | (same format as OBSERVATIONS records; | |
| | slip instead of observation; LLI and | |
| | signal strength blank) | |
| | - "Number of satellites" contains number of | |
| | records to follow (0 for event flags 2,5) | |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+
|OBSERVATIONS | - Observation | rep. within record for | m(F14.3, |
| | - LLI | each obs.type (same seq | I1, |
| | - Signal strength | as given in header) | I1) |
| | | |
| | If more than 5 observation types (=80 char): | |
| | continue observations in next record. | |
| | | |
| | This record is (these records are) repeated for | |
| | each satellite given in EPOCH/SAT - record. | |
| | | |
| | Observations: | |
| | Phase : Units in whole cycles of carrier | |
| | Code : Units in meters | |
| | Missing observations are written as 0.0 | |
| | or blanks. | |
| | Loss of lock indicator (LLI). Range: 0-7 | |
| | 0 or blank: OK or not known | |
| | Bit 0 set : Lost lock between previous and | |
| | current observation: cycle slip | |
| | possible | |
| | Bit 1 set : Opposite wavelength factor to the | |
| | one defined for the satellite by a | |
| | previous WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2 line.| |
| | Valid for the current epoch only. | |
| | Bit 2 set : Observation under Antispoofing | |
| | (may suffer from increased noise) | |
| | | |
| | Bits 0 and 1 for phase only. | |
| | | |
| | Signal strength projected into interval 1-9: | |
| | 1: minimum possible signal strength | |
| | 5: threshold for good S/N ratio | |
| | 9: maximum possible signal strength | |
| | 0 or blank: not known, don't care | |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+2、GPS导航文件
2.1、导航文件之头文件介绍：
其中 */星号标记部分为可有可无。（Records marked with * are optional）
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A3 |
| NAVIGATION MESSAGE FILE - HEADER SECTION DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| HEADER LABEL | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
| (Columns 61-80) | | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|RINEX VERSION / TYPE| - Format version (2) | I6,14X, |
| | - File type ('N' for Navigation data) | A1,19X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PGM / RUN BY / DATE | - Name of program creating current file | A20, |
| | - Name of agency creating current file | A20, |
| | - Date of file creation | A20 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|COMMENT | Comment line(s) | A60 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|ION ALPHA | Ionosphere parameters A0-A3 of almanac | 2X,4D12.4 |*
| | (page 18 of subframe 4) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|ION BETA | Ionosphere parameters B0-B3 of almanac | 2X,4D12.4 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|DELTA-UTC: A0,A1,T,W| Almanac parameters to compute time in UTC| 3X,2D19.12,|*
| | (page 18 of subframe 4) | 2I9 |
| | A0,A1: terms of polynomial | |
| | T : reference time for UTC data | |
| | W : UTC reference week number | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|LEAP SECONDS | Delta time due to leap seconds | I6 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|END OF HEADER | Last record in the header section. | 60X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+2.2、导航文件之数据部分介绍：
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A4 |
| NAVIGATION MESSAGE FILE - DATA RECORD DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| OBS. RECORD | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PRN / EPOCH / SV CLK| - Satellite PRN number | I2, |
| | - Epoch: Toc - Time of Clock | |
| | year (2 digits) | 5I3, |
| | month | |
| | day | |
| | hour | |
| | minute | |
| | second | F5.1, |
| | - SV clock bias (seconds) | 3D19.12 |
| | - SV clock drift (sec/sec) | |
| | - SV clock drift rate (sec/sec2) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 1| - IODE Issue of Data, Ephemeris | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - Crs (meters) | |
| | - Delta n (radians/sec) | |
| | - M0 (radians) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 2| - Cuc (radians) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - e Eccentricity | |
| | - Cus (radians) | |
| | - sqrt(A) (sqrt(m)) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 3| - Toe Time of Ephemeris | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | (sec of GPS week) | |
| | - Cic (radians) | |
| | - OMEGA (radians) | |
| | - CIS (radians) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 4| - i0 (radians) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - Crc (meters) | |
| | - omega (radians) | |
| | - OMEGA DOT (radians/sec) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 5| - IDOT (radians/sec) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - Codes on L2 channel | |
| | - GPS Week # (to go with TOE) | |
| | - L2 P data flag | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 6| - SV accuracy (meters) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - SV health (MSB only) | |
| | - TGD (seconds) | |
| | - IODC Issue of Data, Clock | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 7| - Transmission time of message | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | (sec of GPS week, derived e.g. | |
| | from Z-count in Hand Over Word (HOW) | |
| | - spare | |
| | - spare | |
| | - spare | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+3、气象文件
3.1 气象文件之头文件
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A5 |
| METEOROLOCICAL DATA FILE - HEADER SECTION DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| HEADER LABEL | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
| (Columns 61-80) | | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|RINEX VERSION / TYPE| - Format version (2) | I6,14X, |
| | - File type ('M' for Meteorological Data)| A1,39X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PGM / RUN BY / DATE | - Name of program creating current file | A20, |
| | - Name of agency creating current file | A20, |
| | - Date of file creation | A20 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|COMMENT | Comment line(s) | A60 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|MARKER NAME | Station Name | A60 |
| | (preferably identical to MARKER NAME in | |
| | the associated Observation File) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|MARKER NUMBER | Station Number | A20 |*
| | (preferably identical to MARKER NUMBER in| |
| | the associated Observation File) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|# / TYPES OF OBSERV | - Number of different observation types | I6, |
| | stored in the file | |
| | - Observation types | 9(4X,A2) |
| | | |
| | The following meteorological observation | |
| | types are defined in RINEX Version 2: | |
| | | |
| | PR : Pressure (mbar) | |
| | TD : Dry temperature (deg Celsius) | |
| | HR : Relative Humidity (percent) | |
| | ZW : Wet zenith path delay (millimeters) | |
| | (for WVR data) | |
| | | |
| | The sequence of the types in this record | |
| | must correspond to the sequence of the | |
| | measurements in the data records | |
| | | |
| | If more than 9 observation types are | |
| | being used, use continuation lines with | |
| | format (6X,9(4X,A2)) | |
| | | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|MET SENSOR MOD/TYPE | Description of the met sensor | |
| | - Model (manufacturer) | A20, |
| | - Type | A20,6X, |
| | - Accuracy (same units as obs values) | F7.1,4X, |
| | - Observation type | A2,1X |
| | Record is repeated for each observation | |
| | type found in # / TYPES OF OBSERV record | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|MET SENSOR POS XYZH | Approximate position of the met sensor | |
| | - Geocentric coordinates X,Y,Z (ITRF | 3F14.4, |
| | - Ellipsoidal height H or WGS-84)| 1F14.4, |
| | - Observation type | 1X,A2,1X |
| | Set X,Y,Z to zero if not known. | |
| | Make sure H refers to ITRF or WGS-84! | |
| | Record required for barometer, | |
| | recommended for other sensors. | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|END OF HEADER | Last record in the header section. | 60X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+3.2 气象文件之数据部分：
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A6 |
| METEOROLOGICAL DATA FILE - DATA RECORD DESCRIPTION |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+
| OBS. RECORD | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+
| EPOCH / MET | - Epoch in GPS time (not local time!) | 6I3, |
| | year (2 digits), month,day,hour,min,sec | |
| | | |
| | - Met data in the same sequence as given in the | mF7.1 |
| | header | |
| | | |
| | More than 8 met data types: Use continuation |4X,10F7.1,3X|
| | lines | |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+------------+4、Glonass 导航文件
4.1 Glonass 导航文件、头部分
Records marked with * are optional
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A10 |
| GLONASS NAVIGATION MESSAGE FILE - HEADER SECTION DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| HEADER LABEL | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
| (Columns 61-80) | | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|RINEX VERSION / TYPE| - Format version (2) | I6,14X, |
| | - File type ('G' = GLONASS nav mess data)| A1,39X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PGM / RUN BY / DATE | - Name of program creating current file | A20, |
| | - Name of agency creating current file | A20, |
| | - Date of file creation (dd-mmm-yy hh:mm)| A20 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|COMMENT | Comment line(s) | A60 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|CORR TO SYSTEM TIME | - Time of reference for system time corr | |*
| | (year, month, day) | 3I6, |
| | - Correction to system time scale (sec) | 3X,D19.12 |
| | to correct GLONASS system time to | |
| | UTC(SU) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
*|LEAP SECONDS | Number of leap seconds since 6-Jan-1980 | I6 |*
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|END OF HEADER | Last record in the header section. | 60X |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+4.2 Glonass 导航文件、数据部分
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE A11 |
| GLONASS NAVIGATION MESSAGE FILE - DATA RECORD DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| OBS. RECORD | DESCRIPTION | FORMAT |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
|PRN / EPOCH / SV CLK| - Satellite almanac number | I2, |
| | - Epoch of ephemerides (UTC) | |
| | - year (2 digits) | 5I3, |
| | - month | |
| | - day | |
| | - hour | |
| | - minute | |
| | - second | F5.1, |
| | - SV clock bias (sec) (-tau)| D19.12 |
| | - SV relative frequency bias (-gamma)| D19.12 |
| | - message frame time (sec of day UTC) | D19.12 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 1| - Satellite position X (km) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - velocity X dot (km/sec) | |
| | - X acceleration (km/sec2) | |
| | - health (0=OK) (Bn)| |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 2| - Satellite position Y (km) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - velocity Y dot (km/sec) | |
| | - Y acceleration (km/sec2) | |
| | - frequency number (1-24) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+
| BROADCAST ORBIT - 3| - Satellite position Z (km) | 3X,4D19.12 |
| | - velocity Z dot (km/sec) | |
| | - Z acceleration (km/sec2) | |
| | - Age of oper. information (days) (E) | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+六、 RINEX 2. 10 格式说明
格式说明项如下：
[ r] fw. [ m]
其中:
r: 重复因子, 表示后面的内容将重复的次数, 该部分是可选的;
f: 数据类型符, 在 RINEX 格式的说明中, 用到了如下数据类型:
- X, 空格
- A, 字符型
- I, 整型
- F, 单精度浮点型
- D, 双精度浮点型
w: 字段宽度;
m: 在字段中最少的数字或字符数, 当数据类型为单精度浮点型或双精度浮点型时,表示小数位数, 该部分是可选的。
例如:
1、格式说明符“ F9 . 2, 11 X, A1, 19X”
表示这一行的内容从第 1 列开始依次是宽度为9 位、小数点后有2位的单精度浮点数, 11个空格、宽度为1的字符串和 19个空格;
2、格式说明符“ 3F14 . 4”
表示这一行内容从第 1 列开始依次是 3 个宽度为 14 、 小数点后有 4 位的单精度浮点数;
3、格式说明符“ 7( 3X, A1, I2) ”
表示这一 行内容从第 1 列开始, 将 3 个空格、宽度为1的字符串和宽度为 2 的整型这些内容重复 7 次；
6.1 GPS观测数据：文件头和数据记录
6.1.1 文件头
6.1.2 数据记录
在RINEX格式GPS观测值文件的数据记录节中,为按历元依次存放的观测数据或在观测过程中所发生事件的信息。每个历元的数据包含两部分:第一部分为“历元/卫星或事件标志”,用于存放该观测历元时刻的时标和在该历元所观测到卫星的数量及其列表或表明事件性质的标志,这一部分通常为该历元数据的第一行;第二部分为“观测值”,用于存放在该历元所采集到的所有观测值,这一部分紧接在“历元/卫星或事件标志”之后,所占行数与在该历元中所观测卫星的数量有关。表9-2为GPS观测数据文件数据记录节的历元/卫星或事件标志格式说明,表9-3为GPS观测数据文件数据记录节的观测值格式说明。
6.2 GPS导航电文：文件头和数据记录
6.2.1 文件头
6.2.2 数据记录
RINEX格式GPS导航电文文件数据记录节中的内容为按卫星和参考时刻存放的各颗卫星的时钟和轨道数据。每颗卫星一个参考时刻的数据占8行,第1行为卫星的PRN号和该卫星时钟的参考时刻及其改正模型参数,第2～8行为该卫星的广播轨道数据。由于导航电文通常每2h就更新一次,因此,某些卫星可能会有多个不同参考时刻的数据。表9-5为RINEX格式GPS导航电文文件数据记录节的格式说明。
6.3 气象数据文件：文件头和数据记录
6.3.1 文件头
6.3.2 数据记录
6.4 GLONASS导航电文：文件头和数据记录
6.4.1 文件头
6.4.2 数据记录
七、 RINEX 2. 10 实例
7.1 Rinex GPS观测数据
2.10 OBSERVATION DATA G (GPS) RINEX VERSION / TYPE
Convert 22-Apr-2010 13:07 PGM / RUN BY / DATE
Signal Strength values S1,S2 are in dBHz COMMENT
N01A MARKER NAME
MARKER NUMBER
OBSERVER / AGENCY
SVA05500089 NOV RT2 2.312 REC # / TYPE / VERS
GPS702 ANT # / TYPE
-2196708.5654 5177520.9227 2998179.7203 APPROX POSITION XYZ
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ANTENNA: DELTA H/E/N
1 1 WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2
1 1 7 G03 G06 G07 G11 G13 G14 G16WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2
1 1 7 G19 G20 G21 G22 G23 G24 G29WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2
1 1 3 G30 G31 G32 WAVELENGTH FACT L1/2
COMMENT
COMMENT
8 C1 L1 D1 S1 P2 L2 D2 S2 # / TYPES OF OBSERV
1.000 INTERVAL
2010 04 22 09 09 24.0000000 GPS TIME OF FIRST OBS
2010 04 22 13 43 1.0000000 GPS TIME OF LAST OBS
15 LEAP SECONDS
END OF HEADER
10 04 22 09 09 24.0000000 0 8G20G30G22G29G14G31G32G16
24465528.83045 128567213.01845 2609.57845 39.905 24465527.75443
100182241.86753 2033.43443 36.271
22698830.00148 119283156.21048 -3191.03948 46.685 22698828.24544
92947906.63744 -2486.52744 38.250
23361066.21247 122763207.11647 -3476.83247 44.238 23361068.36544
95659638.27254 -2709.23844 37.805
23457826.03047 123271713.02547 898.46947 45.326 23457826.54745
96055874.77745 700.10245 39.263
20965301.46849 110173399.50749 -704.93049 49.829 20965298.74947
85849392.78457 -549.30147 43.339
21186264.14849 111334569.02749 -328.90649 50.032 21186260.90448
86754197.66148 -256.29348 45.592
22655993.91548 119058049.62348 1701.77348 47.210 22655992.67545
92772502.73855 1326.05545 39.961
21929695.82649 115241341.53549 2951.33249 47.840 21929694.92645
89798444.92755 2299.82845 39.933
10 04 22 09 09 25.0000000 0 8G20G30G22G29G14G31G32G16
24465032.23045 128564603.51445 2609.14845 39.810 24465031.14741
100180208.50251 2033.10241 31.319
22699437.26248 119286347.35748 -3191.21148 46.170 22699435.50844
92950393.24044 -2486.66044 37.427
23361727.89447 122766684.16747 -3477.09447 43.768 23361730.04444
95662347.64254 -2709.44144 37.870
23457655.11647 123270814.87147 897.98447 45.004 23457655.64245
96055174.91945 699.72745 39.075
20965435.65449 110174104.61949 -705.32049 49.613 20965432.92647
85849942.22057 -549.60247 43.793
21186326.74249 111334897.95549 -328.95349 49.937 21186323.50348
86754453.96948 -256.33248 45.683
22655670.12948 119056348.09248 1701.25448 47.057 22655668.88245
92771176.86955 1325.64845 39.946
21929134.22448 115238390.33248 2951.07048 47.627 21929133.32245
89796145.29455 2299.53545 39.427 7.2 Rinex GPS导航电文
2.10 N: GPS NAV DATA RINEX VERSION / TYPE
Convert NUDT 22-Apr-10 13:07 PGM / RUN BY / DATE
0.9313D-08 0.1490D-07 -0.5960D-07 -0.1192D-06 ION ALPHA
0.8806D+05 0.4915D+05 -0.1311D+06 -0.3277D+06 ION BETA
-.279396772385D-08 -.186517468137D-13 589824 1580 DELTA-UTC: A0,A1,T,W
15 LEAP SECONDS
END OF HEADER
12 10 04 22 10 00 00.0 -.123794656247D-03 .443378667114D-11 .000000000000D+00
.105000000000D+03 -.793437500000D+02 .442339853802D-08 .284026412746D+01
-.414066016674D-05 .355840614066D-02 .637210905552D-05 .515371054077D+04
.381600000000D+06 -.596046447754D-07 -.209086100635D+01 .141561031342D-06
.970242127119D+00 .256968750000D+03 -.482454414791D+00 -.812676708390D-08
.321441960776D-11 .100000000000D+01 .158000000000D+04 .000000000000D+00
.000000000000D+00 .000000000000D+00 -.121071934700D-07 .105000000000D+03
.377196000000D+06 .000000000000D+00
14 10 04 22 10 00 00.0 .369166955352D-04 .454747350886D-11 .000000000000D+00
.200000000000D+01 .606562500000D+02 .375694220601D-08 -.113111546860D+01
.309012830257D-05 .497235741932D-02 .988505780697D-05 .515373614883D+04
.381600000000D+06 .115483999252D-06 .213556246222D+01 .119209289551D-06
.986261160548D+00 .204000000000D+03 -.212194049029D+01 -.780889670046D-08
-.120004998690D-09 .100000000000D+01 .158000000000D+04 .000000000000D+00
.000000000000D+00 .000000000000D+00 -.884756445885D-08 .258000000000D+03
.378546000000D+06 .000000000000D+00
16 10 04 22 10 00 00.0 -.640708021820D-04 -.386535248253D-11 .000000000000D+00
.850000000000D+02 -.934687500000D+02 .442589864216D-08 .525397810322D+00
-.480748713017D-05 .591101672035D-02 .603683292866D-05 .515375069237D+04
.381600000000D+06 .132247805595D-06 -.207347884927D+01 -.186264514923D-07
.971475583572D+00 .267593750000D+03 -.245204156777D+00 -.823962892790D-08
-.728601777760D-10 .100000000000D+01 .158000000000D+04 .000000000000D+00
.000000000000D+00 .000000000000D+00 -.977888703346D-08 .850000000000D+02
.378546000000D+06 .000000000000D+00
18 10 04 22 10 00 00.0 .634770840406D-04 .250111042988D-11 .000000000000D+00
.114000000000D+03 .120312500000D+02 .525879047830D-08 .782802627809D+00
.774860382080D-06 .111971297301D-01 .745244324207D-05 .515368296242D+04
.381600000000D+06 -.651925802231D-07 .106470785016D+01 .119209289551D-06
.937752948992D+00 .225781250000D+03 -.234597594304D+01 -.859642950437D-08
-.580024160334D-09 .100000000000D+01 .158000000000D+04 .000000000000D+00
.000000000000D+00 .000000000000D+00 -.107102096081D-07 .114000000000D+03
.376656000000D+06 .000000000000D+00 具体文件：RINEX格式官方说明并有example
参考：
1、Rinex2.0
2、GPS原理及其应用 李征航
3、http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0727/16/9024860_397437407.shtm
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