Keras定义了以下几种objective fuction:
(1) mean-squared-error
def mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(K.square(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1)
(2) root-mean-squared-error
def root_mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred):
return K.sqrt(K.mean(K.square(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1))
(3) mean-absolute-error
def mean_absolute_error(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(K.abs(y_pred - y_true), axis=-1)
(4) mean-absolute-percentage-error
def mean_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred):
diff = K.abs((y_true - y_pred) / K.clip(K.abs(y_true), K.epsilon(), np.inf))
return 100. * K.mean(diff, axis=-1)
(5) mean-squared-logarithmic-error
def mean_squared_logarithmic_error(y_true, y_pred):
first_log = K.log(K.clip(y_pred, K.epsilon(), np.inf) + 1.)
second_log = K.log(K.clip(y_true, K.epsilon(), np.inf) + 1.)
return K.mean(K.square(first_log - second_log), axis=-1)
(6) squared-hinge
def squared_hinge(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(K.square(K.maximum(1. - y_true * y_pred, 0.)), axis=-1)
(7) hinge(max-margin loss)
def hinge(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(K.maximum(1. - y_true * y_pred, 0.), axis=-1)
(8) categorical-crossentropy
def categorical_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred):
'''Expects a binary class matrix instead of a vector of scalar classes.
'''
return K.mean(K.categorical_crossentropy(y_pred, y_true), axis=-1)
单分类问题最常用的objective
(9) binary-crossentropy
def binary_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(K.binary_crossentropy(y_pred, y_true), axis=-1)
可以使网络最后一层的激活函数为sigmoid/tanh, 再将loss设置为此objective,则能够训练multi-label数据集。
(10) poisson
def poisson(y_true, y_pred):
return K.mean(y_pred - y_true * K.log(y_pred + K.epsilon()), axis=-1)
(11) cosine-proximity
def cosine_proximity(y_true, y_pred):
assert K.ndim(y_true) == 2
assert K.ndim(y_pred) == 2
y_true = K.l2_normalize(y_true, axis=1)
y_pred = K.l2_normalize(y_pred, axis=1)
return -K.mean(y_true * y_pred, axis=1)
总结
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以上axis=-1/1,即以列为标准计算。
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参数y_true即给定的label,y_pred为网络的输出。
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clip函数的作用就是对于给定输入X(n维均可),把其中小于min的值均设置成min,大于max的值均设置成max。可以运行下面的代码实验(numpy和theano的借口都差不多):
x = np.empty((2,3,4,5)) print x print np.clip(a=x,a_min=2,a_max=4)
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对于custom objective函数的定义,以下给出一个例子,直接返回y_pred和y_true的差值:
def loss(): return -np.abs(y_pred-y_true)
调用的时候:
model.compile(loss=loss(), optimizer=optimizer) - hinge loss相关:
其他几种objectives的用法以后补充