基于pytorch实现的深层神经网络（DNN）的图像识别

（1）数据集

FashionMNIST数据集，作为经典的MNIST数据集的现代替代品的数据集，是衣物分类数据集，由Zalando（一家德国的在线时尚零售商）发布。FashionMNIST数据集和MNIST相比。图片尺寸相同，数据量相同，也同样是10分类，是MNIST的困难版本

（2）DNN（深度神经网络）

DNN可以理解为有多个隐藏层的神经网络，叫做深度神经网络（Deep Neural Network），DNN按不同层的位置划分，内部的神经网络层可以分为三类，输入层、隐藏层和输出层，如下图示例，一般来说第一层是输入层，最后一层是输出层，而中间的层数都是隐藏层。

（3）代码与结果

import torch
import torchvision
from torch import nn
from torch.utils import data
from torchvision import transforms
from torch.optim import Adam
class DNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(DNN, self).__init__()
        self.linear1=nn.Linear(784,1024)
        self.linear2=nn.Linear(1024,512)
        self.linear3=nn.Linear(512,256)
        self.linear4=nn.Linear(256,10)
        self.dropout=nn.Dropout(0.5)
        self.ReLu=nn.ReLU()
        self.flatten=nn.Flatten()
        self.softmax=nn.Softmax()
    def forward(self,x):
        x=self.flatten(x)
        x=self.linear1(x)
        x=self.ReLu(x)
        x=self.dropout(x)
        x=self.linear2(x)
        x=self.ReLu(x)
        x=self.dropout(x)
        x=self.linear3(x)
        x=self.ReLu(x)
        x=self.dropout(x)
        x=self.linear4(x)
        x=self.softmax(x)
        return x
batch_size = 256
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
trans = transforms.ToTensor()
mnist_train = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(
root="../data", train=True, transform=trans, download=True)
mnist_test = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(
root="../data", train=False, transform=trans, download=True)
traindata = data.DataLoader(mnist_train, batch_size, shuffle=True)
testdata=data.DataLoader(mnist_test,100)
net=DNN()
net.to(device)
lr=0.0001
epoch=25
Optim=Adam(net.parameters(),lr=lr)
criterion=nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
totalaccurate=0

net.train()
for i in range(epoch):
    total_train=0
    for data in traindata:
        img,label=data
        with torch.no_grad():
            img = img.to(device)
            label = label.to(device)
        Optim.zero_grad()
        predict=net(img)
        train_loss=criterion(predict,label)
        train_loss.backward()
        Optim.step()
        total_train+=train_loss
    print("训练集上的损失：{}".format(total_train))

net.eval()
for data in testdata:
    img,lable=data
    with torch.no_grad():
        img=img.to(device)
        lable=lable.to(device)
    result=net(img)
    accurate=(result.argmax(1)==lable).sum()
    totalaccurate+=accurate
print("验证集的正确率为：{:.1%}".format(totalaccurate/10000))