数学公式的英语读法 [zz]

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1.Logic    
∀   there exist  
∀   for all  
p⇒q   p implies q / if p, then q  
p⇔q   p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent  

2.Sets    
x∈A   x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A  
x∉A   x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A  
A⊂B   A is contained in B / A is a subset of B  
A⊃B   A contains B / B is a subset of A  
A∩B   A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B  
A∪B   A cup B / A join B / A union B  
A/B   A minus B / the diference between A and B  
A×B   A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B  

3. Real numbers    
x+1   x plus one  
x-1   x minus one  
x±1   x plus or minus one  
xy   xy / x multiplied by y  
(x - y)(x + y)   x minus y, x plus y  
x y   x over y  
=   the equals sign  
x = 5   x equals 5 / x is equal to 5  
x≠5   x (is) not equal to 5  
x≡y   x is equivalent to (or identical with) y  
x ≡ y   x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y  
x > y   x is greater than y  
x≥y   x is greater than or equal to y  
x < y   x is less than y  
x≤y   x is less than or equal to y  
0 < x < 1   zero is less than x is less than 1  
0≤x≤1   zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1  
| x |   mod x / modulus x  
x 2   x squared / x (raised) to the power 2  
x 3   x cubed  
x 4   x to the fourth / x to the power four  
x n   x to the nth / x to the power n  
x −n   x to the (power) minus n  
x   (square) root x / the square root of x  
x 3   cube root (of) x  
x 4   fourth root (of) x  
x n   nth root (of) x  
( x+y ) 2   x plus y all squared  
( x y ) 2   x over y all squared  
n!   n factorial  
x ^   x hat  
x &macr;   x bar  
x ˜   x tilde  
x i   xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i  
∑ i=1 n a i   the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i  

4. Linear algebra    
‖ x ‖   the norm (or modulus) of x  
OA →   OA / vector OA  
OA &macr;   OA / the length of the segment OA  
A T   A transpose / the transpose of A  
A −1   A inverse / the inverse of A  

5. Functions    
f( x )   fx / f of x / the function f of x  
f:S→T   a function f from S to T  
x→y   x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y  
f'( x )   f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x  
f''( x )   f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x  
f'''( x )   triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x  
f (4) ( x )   f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x  
∂f ∂ x 1   the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1  
∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2   the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1  
∫ 0 ∞   the integral from zero to infinity  
lim⁡ x→0   the limit as x approaches zero  
lim⁡ x→ 0 +   the limit as x approaches zero from above  
lim⁡ x→ 0 −   the limit as x approaches zero from below  
log e y   log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y  
ln⁡y   log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y